The shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora.

Resumo Araceae está entre as famílias com maior riqueza de espécies para o bioma Mata Atlântica e é caracterizada pela presença de inflorescência em espádice, associada a uma bráctea, a espata. Este trabalho tem como objetivo inventariar as espécies de Araceae do Parque Nacional do Caparaó, com chave de identificação, descrições e ilustrações diagnósticas das espécies. Para isso, foram realizadas expedições de coleta nos meses de janeiro, abril e novembro de 2017, em diferentes trilhas, altitudes e formações vegetacionais do ParNa. O material coletado foi depositado no herbário RB e as duplicatas enviadas para o herbário GFJP, UNOP. Estas foram analisadas, além das amostras disponíveis em sites do speciesLink, Jabot e Herbário Virtual Reflora. Foram encontradas 21 espécies nativas da Mata Atlântica, distribuídas em quatro gêneros, sendo os mais representativos: Anthurium e Philodendron com nove espécies cada. Além disso, foram evidenciados dois novos registros para estados brasileiros (Xanthosoma maximilianii para o Espírito Santo e Philodendron acutatum para Minas Gerais), uma espécie endêmica desta Unidade de Conservação (A. mourae) e três espécies novas para a ciência. Esses resultados reforçam a importância de estudos florísticos e a conservação do ParNa Caparaó.

Two new species of the genus Anthurium are described from Caparaó National Park in the Atlantic Forest region of southeastern Brazil. Presently known collections indicate that the two species occur in distinct elevation zones. A. caparaoense occurs in the semideciduous seasonal montane forest at 1400−1970 m, and A. erythrospadix in both semideciduous seasonal montane forest and dense ombrophilous forest, at 890−1280 m. Descriptions, illustrations, photographs and comparison with other similar species of Anthurium sect. Urospadix are provided, together with commentaries on geographical distribution, ecology and phenology.

Anthurium narae is described from the state of Minas Gerais, in southeastern Brazil. It occurs in a small forest fragment of semideciduous seasonal montane forest, a component of Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Descriptions, illustrations, photographs and comparison with other similar species of Anthurium sect. Urospadix are provided together with comments about geographical distribution, ecology, phenology, and conservation status.

During a taxonomic study of Anthurium sect. Pachyneurium, it was found that the names of four species required typification. Verification of the protologues and cited collections is discussed and typifications are proposed as follows: the illustration Schott Icones Aroideae No. 465 is designated as the neotype of A. affine Schott. A lectotype is designated for A. bonplandii G.S.Bunting since the holotype, cited in the protologue at MY, was not found there. An epitype is selected for A. solitarium Schott because the lectotype illustration of J.M.C. Vellozo (Flora Fluminensis t. 123) lacks sufficient detail to determine it unambiguously to species in A. sect. Pachyneurium. A lectotype is selected for A. glaziovii Hook.f., a synonym of A. solitarium.