The goals of the study were to determine: the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of essential oil and plant extracts aqueous and ethanolic of Psidium cattleianum Sabine; the chemical composition of the essential oil of P. cattleianum; and the phytochemical screening of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of the same plant. Regarding the antimicrobial activity, the ethanolic extract exhibited moderate antimicrobial activity with respect to bacteria K. pneumoniae and S. epidermidis, whereas, regarding other microorganisms, it showed activity considered weak. The aqueous extract and the essential oil showed activity considered weak, although they inhibited the growth of microorganisms. About the antioxidant potential, the ethanolic and aqueous extracts exhibited a scavenging index exceeding 90%, while the essential oil didn´t show significant antioxidant activity. Regarding the phytochemical composition, the largest class of volatile compounds identified in the essential oil of P. cattleianum included the following terpenic hydrocarbons: α-copaene (22%); eucalyptol (15%), δ-cadinene (9.63%) and α-selinene (6.5%). The phytochemical screening of extracts showed the presence of tannins, flavonoids, and triterpenoids for aqueous and ethanolic extracts. The extracts and essential oils inhibit the growth of microrganisms and plant extracts showed significant antioxidant activity. Also, the phytochemical characterization of the essential oil showed the presence of compounds interest commercial, as well as extracts showed the presence of important classes and compounds with biological activities.Keywords: Psidium cattleianum, antimicrobial action, microdilution, GC-MS, antioxidant activity. Atividade antimicrobiana e antioxidante do óleo essencial e diferentes extratos vegetais de Psidium cattleianum Sabine ResumoOs objetivos do trabalho foram determinar: as atividades antimicrobiana e antioxidante do óleo essencial e dos extratos vegetais aquoso e etanólico de Psidium cattleianum Sabine; a composição química do óleo essencial P. cattleianum e a triagem fitoquímica dos extratos vegetais aquoso e etanólico da mesma planta. Quanto à atividade antimicrobiana, o extrato etanólico apresentou atividade antimicrobiana moderada frente as bactérias K. pneumonieae e S. epidermidis, enquanto frente aos demais micro-organismos apresentou atividade considerada fraca. O extrato aquoso e o óleo essencial apresentaram atividade considerada fraca, embora tenham inibido o crescimento dos micro-organismos. Em relação ao potencial antioxidante, os extratos etanólico e aquoso apresentaram índice de sequestro superior a 90%, enquanto o óleo essencial não apresentou atividade antioxidante significativa. Para a composição fitoquímica, a maior classe de compostos voláteis identificados no óleo essencial de P. cattleianum foram os hidrocarbonetos terpênicos, sendo eles: α-copaeno (22%), eucaliptol (15%), δ-cadineno (9,63%) e α-selineno (6,5%). Na triagem fitoquímica dos extratos verificou-se a presença de taninos, flavonóides e triterpenói...

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-Colonization in the State of Paraná has culminated in the devastation of large forest areas in the entire State. Degraded area recovery programs have emphasized the utilization of native species, but often the species indicated for local reforestation areas are unknown, as those areas are little known floristically. This study aimed to survey native species indicated for reforestation of areas in the Western region of the State of Paraná, classify those species as pioneer, secondary, or climactic, and indicate places of occurrence of matrices where seeds of those species could be collected. Bibliographic surveys in the specialized literature and research in the Herbarium Museu Botânico Municipal de Curitiba (MBM) and Herbarium of Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná (UNOP) were conducted to identify potential species for degraded area recovery in the study of Western region of Paraná. In all, 115 species were selected, of which 22 are pioneer, 73 are secondary, and 20 are climactic. The bibliographic surveys suggests that pioneer species are the most indicated for the initial processes in the degraded areas recovery, while secondary and climactic species play a major role in area enrichment.Keywords: Reforestation, Pioneer species, Secondary species and climactic species. ESPÉCIES NATIVAS INDICADAS PARA RECUPERAÇÃO DE ÁREAS DEGRADADAS NO OESTE DO PARANÁ RESUMO -A colonização no Estado do Paraná culminou na devastação de grandes áreas florestadas em todo o Estado. Os programas de restauração de áreas degradadas enfatizam a utilização de espécies nativas, mas, muitas vezes, não se conhecem as espécies indicadas para reflorestamentos locais

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This study surveyed lycophyte and fern species in four forest fragments in western Paraná, Brazil, and compared them to 15 other fragments with different plant formations from the Atlantic Forest biome in southern Brazil. In total, five lycophyte species (in two families and two genera) and 98 species and two varieties of ferns (in 16 families and 38 genera) were registered in the four fragments. The most represented families were Pteridaceae (23 spp.), Polypodiaceae (18 spp.), Aspleniaceae (13 spp.), and Thelypteridaceae (11 spp.). Asplenium (12 spp.), Thelypteris (10 spp.), and Blechnum (seven spp.) were among the most represented genera. The occurrence of Dicksonia sellowiana was noteworthy because it was associated with seasonal semideciduous forest and is threatened in Brazil. Similarity among areas was determined by a cluster analysis (UPGMA and Sørensen's index) and the relation between similarity and geographic distance was determined through Matel's analysis. The analyses revealed greater similarity among the four study areas and, for these areas as a whole, greater similarity to fragments in Rio Grande do Sul, which is evidence that these areas have similar environmental conditions.

-(Mortality and diameter growth of lianas in a semideciduous forest fragment in Southeastern Brazil). This is a 30-month study of mortality rates and diameter growth rates of lianas in a semideciduous forest fragment in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Results are presented for 484 specimens of lianas, of which 103 experienced individual mortality (21.3 % of the sampled population). Mortality varied according to class of stem diameter, but did not vary throughout the months ofyear, or between seasons or years. Mortality rates were higher than those recorded in other studies, perhaps due to the age of this secondary forest. Stem diameter growth rates were measured for 385 lianas, the survivors after 30 months plus four plants that died just before the final census, and averaged 1.2mm/year, ranging from Ommlyear (Chioeeoea alba) to 4.8mm1year (Acaeia sp.), significantly slower than the known growth rates in tropical trees in other areas.Key words -lianas, mortality, diameter growth, Minas Gerais State, secondary forest RESUMO -(Mortalidade e crescimento em diâmetro de lianas em um fragmento de mata semidecídua no Sudeste do Brasil). É apresentado estudo de 30 meses acerca das taxas de mortalidade e de crescimento em diâmetro de lianas em um fragmento de mata semidecídua em Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Os resultados mostraram 484 indivíduos de lianas, dos quais 103 morreram (21,3 % da população amostrada). A mortalidade variou com as classes de diâmetro do caule, mas não variou entre os meses do ano, entre as estações do ano, ou entre os anos. As taxas de mortalidade foram mais altas que as observadas em outros estudos, talvez devido à idade da mata secundária. O crescimento em diâmetro dos caules foi medido para 385 lianas, os sobreviventes ao período de 30 meses, e mais quatro plantas que morreram pouco antes da última medição, e foi em média 1,2mm1ano, variando de Ommlano (Chioeoeea alba) a 4,8mm1 ano (Acaeia sp.), significativamente mais lento que as taxas de crescimento em árvores tropicais em outras áreas.

The perturbation of Neotropical forests generates large disturbances in biological communities. The species that suffer least from the resulting habitat fragmentation are the pioneers, because they possess greater ability to inhabit disturbed environments. Therefore, it is expected that species diversity will be greater in areas subjected to intermediate disturbance, such as the opening of gaps, because a large number of pioneer species will develop and coexist with species of more advanced successional stages. This study aimed to compare two forest remnants that differed in size and disturbance intensity, in order to determine the effects of disturbances on species diversity and the size ratios of individual trees. This was accomplished with comparative analyses of diversity, richness and diameter ratios obtained for 10 plots at two semideciduous forest sites. We recorded a total of 85 species, of which 70 were in the private nature reserve Fazenda Santa Maria, 58 were in Iguaçu National Park, and 43 were at both sites. Diversity was greater in the more disturbed remaining forest, because this area showed higher species richness, which is in accordance with some premises of the intermediate disturbance theory. There was also an increase in the number of pioneer individuals, and the less disturbed area showed individuals with larger diameters, which is likely attribu table to the removal of large individuals from the more disturbed area during the anthropogenic process of forest modification.

-(Foliar anatomy of Rubiaceae occurring in an urban forest fragment of Atlantic Forest, Paraná State, Brazil). Rubiaceae in Brazil occurs mainly in the Atlantic Forest biome that in the southern region is represented by two main vegetation types: Seasonal Semi-deciduous Forestand Araucaria Forest. Both occur in the Ecological Park Paul Gorski (PEPG), an urban forest fragment. Given the relevance of Rubiaceae in the Atlantic Forest and the importance of ecological anatomy studies to understand colonization and survival processes, this study aimed to anatomically characterize leaves of Rubiaceae found in the PEPG. We studied 14 species belonging to nine genera of Rubiaceae that present unistratified epidermis, trichomes, paracytic and paralelocytic stomata, dorsiventral mesophyll, and collateral vascular bundles as common characters to the family. Among the anatomical characters observed, considered common in mesophytes-heliophytes plants, stand papillae, trichomes, and compact mesophyll out. Therefore, these features are in accordance with the environmental conditions recorded in the area of edges and clearings of the Atlantic Forest and in disturbed areas. Keywords: Araucaria Forest, Atlantic Forest, ecological aspects, semi-deciduous forest RESUMO -(Anatomia foliar de Rubiaceae ocorrentes em fragmento de floresta urbana da Mata Atlântica, PR, Brasil). Rubiaceae no Brasil ocorre principalmente no Bioma Mata Atlântica que na região sul é representado por dois tipos principais de fitofisionomias: Floresta Estacional Semidecidual e Floresta Ombrófita Mista. Ambas ocorrem no Parque Ecológico Paulo Gorski (PEPG), fragmento florestal urbano. Diante da relevância de Rubiaceae na Mata Atlântica e da importância de estudos de anatomia ecológica para entender processos de colonização e sobrevivência este estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar anatomicamente as folhas de Rubiaceae encontradas no PEPG. Foram estudadas 14 espécies pertencentes a nove gêneros de Rubiaceae que apresentam como caracteres comuns à família: epiderme uniestratificada, tricomas, estômatos paracíticos e paralelocíticos, mesofilo dorsiventral e feixes vasculares colaterais. Dentre os caracteres anatômicos observados, considerados comuns em plantas mesófitas-heliófitas, destacam-se papilas, tricomas e mesofilo compacto. Portanto, essas características estão de acordo com as condições ambientais constatadas nas áreas de bordas e clareiras da Mata Atlântica e também em áreas antropizadas.