Curcuma longa L., from the Zingiberaceae family, generally reproduces through its rhizomes, which are also utilized for therapeutic purposes because they are rich in terpenoids. Its conventional propagation has low efficiency due to the small number of seedlings and their contamination by pathogens. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the influence of growth regulators on the development of in vitro-cultivated C. longa as well as to determine their influence on DNA content and foliar anatomy. Shoots were inoculated in MS culture medium with the addition of 30 g/L of sucrose and 6.5 g/L of agar, and a pH adjusted to 5.8. Two assays were built to study the multiplication and rooting phases of growth. The first assay evaluated the influence of eight concentrations of cytokinins and auxins on the multiplication phase. Leaf samples were analyzed for DNA content through flow cytometry, utilizing two reference standards, green pea, and tomato. Characteristics of leaf anatomy were also measured in four time periods. The second assay analyzed the influence of six auxin concentrations on the rooting phase. The first assay showed that the root systems grew more in treatment 3 (4.44 µM benzylaminopurine [BAP], 0.46 µM kinetin [KIN]) and reached greater dry mass in T8 (8.88 µM BAP, 0.92 µM KIN, 2.16 µM naphthalene acetic acid [NAA]). The largest fresh matter of the main shoot was found in T2 (4.44 µM BAP). The estimated DNA content varied depending on the presence of supplemental growth regulators, from 2.38 to 2.77 pg, and was greater in T4 (4.44 µM BAP, 1.08 µM NAA) and T5 (4.44 µM BAP, 0.46 µM KIN, 1.08 µM NAA). Results from the latter two treatments were not significantly different. Estimates of DNA content were precise, as indicated by coefficients of variation that were much lower than 5%. The results also showed quantitative variation of evaluated anatomical traits. In general, there was a thin epidermis layer with rectangular cells, followed by parenchyma with octahedral cells and differentiated xylem and phloem. In leaf parenchyma, the presence of idioblasts containing phenolic compounds was observed in all growth stages. In the rooting phase, the supplementary auxins affected the dry matter of the aerial part and roots. The highest averages were observed in treatments with 2.0 µM NAA.
Umuarama, v. 19, n. 4, p. 247-251, out./dez. 2016. RESUMO:Curcuma longa é uma espécie asiática perene e rizomatosa com grandes propriedades medicinais, alimentícias e ornamentais. No processo micropropagativo carece de muitas informações dentre a faixa espectral mais adequada ao seu desenvolvimento. Sendo assim, o objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar diferentes filmes espectrais no desenvolvimento de plântulas de C. longa cultivadas in vitro. Para tanto, brotações de C. longa foram inoculadas em meio Murashig e Skoog e suplementado com 30 g/L de sacarose, 6,5 g/L de ágar 4, 44 μM/L de Benzil aminopurina (BAP) e 1,08 μM/L ácido naftaleno acético (ANA). O pH do meio foi ajustado para 5,8. Os brotos foram submetidos a diferentes intensidades e qualidade espectral de luz: branco, vermelho, amarelo, azul e verde. As plântulas foram mantidas em sala de crescimento em luz constante de 25C° e fotoperíodo de 24 horas por 145 dias. Foram avaliadas características morfológicas e anatômicas. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que as diferenças espectraris propiciaram diferenças no desenvolvimento das plântulas de C. longa e também na contaminação in vitro. O diâmetro da base das plântulas, a massa seca e fresca da parte área e raiz foram influenciadas pelas diferentes faixas espectrais, sendo que de modo geral os filmes, amarelo e branco foram os que propiciaram maiores valores para essas características. Já o filme verde foi o que menos favoreceu o ganho de massa das plântulas, além disso, alta taxa de contaminação foi observada na presença desse filme. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Açafrão-da-terra. Filmes coloridos. Micropropagação. Morfologia. LUMINOUS SPECTRUM IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF IN-VITRO Curcuma longa SEEDLINGSABSTRACT: Curcuma longa is a perennial Asiatic rhizomelic species with important medicinal, food and ornamental properties. However, its micro-propagation process lacks information regarding the most adequate spectral range for its development. Thus, this work aimed to evaluate different spectrum films in the development of in vitro C. longa seedlings. In order to do this, C. longa sprouts were inoculated in Murashig and Skoog media supplemented with 30 g/L of sucrose, 6.5 g/L of agar 4, 44 μM/L of benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 1.08 μM/L naphthalene acetic acid (ANA). The pH was adjusted to 5.8. Sprouts were put under different light spectrum intensity and quality: white, red, yellow, blue and green. The seedlings were maintained in a growth room with constant light at 25 ºC and a 24-hours photoperiod for 145 days. Morphological and anatomical characteristics were analyzed. The results demonstrated that spectral differences propitiated differences in the development of C. longa seedlings, and also in the in vitro contamination. The seedling base diameter, aerial and root dry and fresh mass were influenced by the different spectral ranges, with the yellow and white ranges being those that resulting the highest values for each characteristic. The green spectrum was the least favorable for the seedling regarding mass gain, as we...
Turmeric (Curcuma longa) is an Asian native species used for ornamental, medicinal and food purposes. However, its conventional propagation method is costly and inefficient. Therefore, this study aimed to verify appropriate asepsis methods for shoots from rhizomes, evaluate concentrations of activated charcoal and sucrose, and determine appropriate salt concentrations in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium for turmeric growth. Three independent assays were performed. First, asepsis methods were verified for explants; second was for concentrations of sucrose and activated charcoal and in the final assay salt concentrations was evaluated. In all assays, MS medium supplemented with 30 g/L of sucrose, 6.5 g/L of agar and pH adjusted to 5.8 was used. Two growth regulators were added to the culture medium: 4.44 µM of 6-benzyl-amino-purine (BAP) and 1.08 µM of α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). Data obtained were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) at p ≤ 0.05 probability. The averages were compared by Tukey's test and polynomial regression at p ≤ 0.05. All the asepsis methods evaluated showed similar effects. The highest concentration was obtained by utilizing 60 mg/L sucrose for the most part of the evaluated characteristics; however, it is recommended that activated charcoal be used at a concentration of 4.5 g/L. For salt concentrations, averages were compared by polynomial regression at (p ≤ 0.05) probability in 50 to 60% MS medium, and resulted in longer root systems, greater numbers of shoots and more leaves. The usual dose of 3% sucrose resulted in lower development of in vitro seedlings. Salt concentrations higher than 60% were toxic to turmeric tissues and consequently compromised the root system and the aerial part of developing seedlings.
This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro growth and biochemical activity of Curcuma longa explants using different MS medium formulations and growth regulators. In all the experiments, plants were grown in MS medium supplemented with agar (6.5 g L-1) and pH adjusted to 5.8. In the first assay, the MS culture medium at 70% strength, supplemented with 30 g L-1 of sucrose, and without the addition of activated carbon, resulted in the highest number of shoots. The sucrose concentration of 60 g L-1, combined with the addition of actived charcoalin half-strength MS medium, resulted in the increased root dry mass, root collar diameter, and relative chlorophyll index. In the second assay, the highest root collar diameter and dry matter of shoots and roots were found in the MS medium supplemented with 4.44 BAP, 0.46 KIN, and 1.08 NAA. The MS medium with 8.88 BAP, 0.92 KIN, and 2.16 μM NAA resulted in the highest number of shoots (7.75), number of leaves (35), and shoot length (88.57 mm). The antioxidant activity was significantly higher in the treatments that resulted in better plantlets growth performance, demonstrating that the antioxidant activity is related to other factors such as a possible role of growth regulators on the elicitation of compounds in plants. Superoxide dismutase had a high enzymatic activity in both assays, whereas the enzymatic activity of catalase and ascorbate peroxidase was dependent on the culture media used.
O presente texto apresenta um relato de experiência de uma atividade remota intitulada Mostra Virtual de Charges, realizada por estudantes do Instituto Federal do Paraná (IFPR) – Campus Umuarama, com a temática pandemia do coronavírus e a Covid-19, com o objetivo de alertar a sociedade sobre os perigos da pandemia causada pelo coronavírus na saúde da população mundial. A atividade foi realizada por meio de estratégia de ensino no formato remoto, em uma abordagem qualitativa, na qual propôs-se aos estudantes a criação individual de uma charge retratando a atual realidade de isolamento social e das consequências dessa e de outras medidas para a preservação da vida das pessoas, orientadas pela Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) e autoridades sanitárias brasileiras. O processo seletivo para a constituição da Mostra Virtual deu-se pelo regulamento disponibilizado aos estudantes e suas famílias no site institucional, grupos de e-mail e redes sociais. Uma comissão organizadora e avaliadora selecionou e classificou 03 (três) charges que foram divulgadas no site institucional, recebendo menção honrosa e premiação. Vale ressaltar que todos os participantes receberam certificado de participação no evento. A atividade remota propiciou o desenvolvimento da criatividade e do senso crítico, em tempos de isolamento e distanciamento social.
Curcuma longa L. is a plant widely used for its pharmacological and medicinal properties, however, does not have a conclusive micropropagation protocol. The objective was to evaluate how growth regulators, sucrose and potassium influence the growth and biochemical activity of Curcuma longa seedlings grown in vitro. Shoots were inoculated in culture medium supplemented with 6-benzylaminpurine - BAP (8.88 and 17.76 μM), Kinetin - KIN (0.92 and 2.16 μM) and naphthalene acetic acid - NAA (2.16 and 7.20 μM), potassium iodide KI (25 and 50 μM) and sucrose (30 and 60 gL-1). Growth regulators at the lowest concentration and 30 gL-1 sucrose promoted increases in growth of C. longa. Antioxidant activity was high in all treatments. The activity of the enzymes catalase and ascorbato peroxidase were increased in the two treatments that contained the highest concentrations of growth regulators. It is concluded that the addition of growth regulators such as cytokinins and auxins are fundamental to increase the number of leaves and growth of shoots in C. longa. Since the best concentrations are in the range of 4.44 to 8.88 μM of (BAP) and 2.16 of NAA. The addition of supplemental potassium in the culture medium is not necessary, and the beneficial effects of doubling the usual sucrose concentration are nullified if other constituents of the medium are altered. The antioxidant activity and enzymes had their activity altered, especially in treatments that did not contain growth regulators.
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