Efficient ex vitro rooting, acclimatization, and cultivation of Curcuma longa L. from mycorrhizal fungi

The symbiotic associations between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and plants can induce drought stress tolerance. In this study, we evaluated the effect of Glomus intraradices, a mycorrhizal fungus, on the ex vitro development and survival of sugarcane plantlets subjected to drought stress during the acclimatization stage of micropropagation. In vitro obtained sugarcane plantlets (Saccharum spp. cv Mex 69–290) were inoculated with different doses of G. intraradices (0, 100, and 200 spores per plantlet) during greenhouse acclimatization. Sixty days after inoculation, plantlets were temporarily subjected to drought stress. We evaluated the survival rate, total chlorophyll, total protein, carotenoids, proline, betaine glycine, soluble phenolic content, and antioxidant capacity every 3 days for 12 days. Symbiotic interaction was characterized by microscopy. Our results showed that the survival rate of inoculated plants was higher in 45% than the treatment without mycorrhizae. Total chlorophyll, protein, proline, betaine glycine content, and antioxidant capacity were increased in AMF inoculated plants. The soluble phenolic content was higher in non-inoculated plants than the treatment with mycorrhizae during the drought stress period. Microscopy showed the symbiotic relationship between plant and AMF. The early inoculation of 100 spores of G. intraradices per sugarcane plantlet during the acclimatization stage could represent a preconditioning advantage before transplanting into the field and establishing basic seedbeds.

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mycorrhizae have an important role in the development, survival, and success of the species that comprise them (plants and fungi) [ 17 , 18 ]. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are obligate biotrophs that form endosymbiotic associations with the roots of vascular plants, including various crops [ 19 , 20 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis Improves Ex Vitro Acclimatization of Sugarcane Plantlets (Saccharum spp.) under Drought Stress Conditions

Spinoso-Castillo¹,

Moreno-Hernández²,

Mancilla-Álvarez³

et al. 2023

“…These optimise the absorption of nutrients and water, augment the metabolic activity of the plant, etc. In consequence, the root system becomes more robust, and the chemical composition of the essential oil is improved, increasing the production of certain compounds, including caryophyllene, α-curcumene, β-bisabolene and β-curcumene, using sustainable technologies [ 169 , 170 ]. Finally, the postharvest management of turmeric rhizomes also has a noteworthy influence on the quality of the derived products.…”

Section: Chemical Analysis Of the Essential Oil Obtained From mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the phenolic compounds of C. longa essential oil and, consequently, the antioxidant activity can vary depending on the cultivation conditions. Especially, the substrate type, together with the presence of fungi, have significantly influenced the composition and activity of C. longa leaf essential oil [ 169 , 170 ]. The antioxidant activity can also change according to many other factors, such as the degree of dryness of C. longa rhizome.…”

Section: Potential Applications Of C Longa Essmentioning

confidence: 99%

Curcuma longa L. Rhizome Essential Oil from Extraction to Its Agri-Food Applications. A Review

Ibáñez

Blázquez

2020

Curcuma longa L. rhizome essential oil is a valuable product in pharmaceutical industry due to its wide beneficial health effects. Novel applications in the agri-food industry where more sustainable extraction processes are required currently and safer substances are claimed for the consumer are being investigated. This review provides information regarding the conventional and recent extraction methods of C. longa rhizome oil, their characteristics and suitability to be applied at the industrial scale. In addition, variations in the chemical composition of C. longa rhizome and leaf essential oils regarding intrinsic and extrinsic factors and extraction methods are also analysed in order to select the most proper to obtain the most efficient activity. Finally, the potential applications of C. longa rhizome oil in the agri-food industry, such as antimicrobial, weedicide and a food preservative agent, are included. Regarding the data, C. longa rhizome essential oil may play a special role in the agri-food industry; however, further research to determine the application threshold so as not to damage crops or affect the organoleptic properties of food products, as well as efficient encapsulation techniques, are necessary for its implementation in global agriculture.

“…In addition, plantlet acclimatization is a process that allows early inoculation of microorganisms prior to transplanting in the field for seedbed establishment. Mycorrhizae play an important role in the development and survival of their constituent species (plants and fungi) [11,12]. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are obligate biotrophs that establish endosymbiotic associations with the roots of vascular plants [13,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Induce Tolerance to Salinity Stress in Taro Plantlets (Colocasia esculenta L. Schott) during Acclimatization

Baltazar-Bernal

Spinoso-Castillo

Mancilla-Álvarez

et al. 2022

Soil salinity is a problem that affects soil fertility and threatens agri-food crop production worldwide. Biotechnology, through plant micropropagation and the use of biofertilizers such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), is an alternative to increase productivity and induce tolerance to salinity stress in different crops. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different doses of the fungus Glomus intraradices on the ex vitro development of taro (Colocasia esculenta L. Schott cv. Criolla) plantlets under salinity stress during the acclimatization stage. In vitro-obtained C. esculenta plantlets were inoculated at different doses (0, 100, and 200 spores per plantlet) of G. intraradices during acclimatization. At 60 d of acclimatization in the greenhouse, plantlets were exposed to 100 mM NaCl salinity stress for 10 d. After the stress period, plantlet development, colonization percentage, and biomass were evaluated. In addition, the content of chlorophyll, carotenoids, proteins, proline, glycine-betaine, soluble phenols, and antioxidant capacity were quantified. The results showed differences in the developmental, physiological, and biochemical variables evaluated; however, no changes in total protein content were observed. Spore colonization showed that the symbiotic association has positive effects on the development of plantlets with or without salinity stress. This symbiotic interaction contributes to salinity stress tolerance in C. esculenta plantlets. The early application of AMF in in vitro-obtained taro plantlets is an alternative to increase or maintain the productivity of this crop in saline soils.