This study compared the effects of two types of form-focused tasks on proceduralization and transfer of linguistics knowledge in case of English modals. All participants of the study attended pretests, posttests and delayed posttests. The procedural comprehension and production knowledge were measured through the groups" performance on a timed dual task test that resembled the context of practice. The transfer of knowledge was measured by evaluating the performance of participants on a timed dual task test in a context dissimilar from or reverse to the practice context. Proceduralization and Transfer of Linguistics Knowledge…Three intact classes of intermediate EFL learners were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The output group (n= 27) received explicit grammar instruction and a combination of three output practice, while the input group (n=25) received explicit instruction and a combination of three input practice. Identical texts were exposed to the control group (n=25) through listening and reading tasks. The texts were followed by some questions irrelevant to English modals. On the procedural knowledge posttests, the experimental groups outperformed the control group. The participants were able to transfer the knowledge to dissimilar contexts. The results may help language teachers design more effective activities for the learners considering the institutional constraints.

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This study is an original contribution to the field of Audio-Visual Translation. Employing a multivariate quantitative approach, it examines the effect of contextual attributes on rendering expletives from Persian to English by in-house subtitlers. The corpus for this study consists of all the Persian expletives (n = 478) in a religious-historical series and their corresponding English equivalents. Assuming that subtitlers’ choices, as in any other communicative situation, are influenced by contextual attributes and their combination, discriminant analysis is employed with an eye to justify the subtitlers’ decision-making in rendering expletives. The results reveal that the norm of toning down the drastic force of expletives applies to a large number of expletives where the receiver of the expletives is, in a significant number of cases, a religiously revered figure. This also applies where the semantic field of the Persian expletive is non-universal. Conversely, when the addressees of the expletives are negative characters, the expressions are more likely to be rendered with a drastic force equal to that of the original expletives. The reason for these two distinct expletive-rendering patterns in the audiovisual context can be further traced to the religious ideology of the translation agents.

Although several studies have examined translators' and interpreters' experience in various contexts, relatively few studies have attempted to explore the freelance simultaneous conference interpreters' experience in the Iranian context. In this country, the increasing number of international conferences is creating a demand for quality conference interpretation. In this study, we used qualitative analysis of narratives to delve into the experience of eight freelance simultaneous conference interpreters in Iran to realize their perception of their job and the impact of contextual factors on the quality of their experience as well as that of interpretation. Three themes, namely job-finding experience, on-the-job-experience, and the locus of the problems were extracted from eleven sub-themes. Overall, the narratives characterized interpreting in Iran as a non-professional occupation that amounts to an ad hoc event, language brokering, and ability-oriented task. The findings can raise some critical considerations for stakeholders involved in the field of translation and interpretation studies as well as practitioners.