No abstract

There was no association with side, ethnic origin or dietary habits. The immunohistochemistry of hamartomas is generally similar to normal breast or fibrocystic breast tissue. Ki67 together with receptor positivity may reflect some proliferative activity and explain observed faster growth of hamartoma during pregnancy and lactation.

SummaryWe have previously demonstrated in a rat model that the lumbar intrathecal injection of 0.02 ml 6.3% magnesium sulphate, a concentration iso-osmolar with rat plasma, produces a state of spinal anaesthesia and general sedation which reversed completely after 6 h, without evidence of neurotoxicity, immediately or during the week thereafter. Using the same model and five groups of six animals in each, we administered the same volume and concentration of magnesium sulphate and compared its clinical effects with those of 0.02 ml 12.6% magnesium sulphate, 0.02 ml 2% lignocaine and 0.02 ml 0.9% sodium chloride solution, given as a series of 15 injections on alternate days for a period of 1 month. The animals were then killed and their spinal cords and meninges examined histologically. No significant differences were noted in the times of onset, durations of sensory and motor blockade and the times to full recovery throughout the entire period of 1 month's observation in the animals receiving intrathecal 6.3% magnesium sulphate. In the group receiving 12.6% magnesium sulphate, the time of onset of sensory and motor blockade was shorter and the duration of both parameters was significantly longer than in the former group. Full clinical recovery and resumption of normal eating and drinking took place in both groups throughout the entire series of 15 successive intrathecal injections. Identical, mild, uniform histopathological changes in the spinal cord were seen in all the five groups, including the group in which only the intrathecal catheter was implanted. The complete recovery and benign consequences of repeated intrathecal injections of iso-osmolar magnesium sulphate in a rat model indicate a lack of neurotoxicity and provide an impetus for further trials in larger animal species, before initial clinical trials of this substance, given intrathecally, in humans.Keywords Anaesthetics, local; lignocaine. Ions; magnesium. Anaesthetic techniques, regional; intrathecal. ...................................................................................... Correspondence to: Dr M. Bahar Accepted: 22 September 1996 The recent increased interest in the neurological effects of magnesium deficiency and a renewed concern with magnesium metabolism [1] prompted us to examine the results of intrathecal administration of magnesium sulphate (MgSO 4 ) in an animal model previously described by us [2]. We have also previously demonstrated in this same rat model that the intrathecal injection of a 0.02-ml bolus of 6.3% MgSO 4 , a concentration iso-osmolar with human and rat plasma [3][4][5], produced a state of spinal anaesthesia and general sedation lasting approximately 1 h. This

The cytology of breast hamartomas shows considerable overlap with other benign breast disease and is unlikely to be interpreted as malignant. The findings of intact lobular units and a relative paucity of stroma in an aspirate from a well circumscribed breast lesion may suggest the diagnosis of hamartoma.

Gallstones are occasionally spilled into the peritoneal cavity during open and laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Using the rat model, we investigated the long term effect of such retained intraperitoneal gallstones. During a follow-up period of one year, no systemic deleterious outcome could be attributed to the presence of the implanted gallstones except for mild local effects. Based on the rat model we conclude that reasonable effort should be made in order to retrieve an escaped gallstone, but there is no justification whatsoever for a conversion of the laparoscopic procedure to an open laparotomy only for the purpose of retrieving a lost stone.

No abstract

To determine the effect of cytological diagnosis, fine-needle aspiration and brush cytology on lung tumors and core-needle biopsy, we retrospectively reviewed 11 cases of large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) found in our archives between the years 1997 and 2004. The preoperative cytological diagnosis of LCNEC is challenging because of the broad histologic similarity to other neuroendocrine tumors of the lung. The original cytologic diagnosis was LCNEC in nine of the cases while the remaining two were misdiagnosed as small-cell lung carcinoma. Smears were composed of clusters of intermediate-size cells with amphophylic cytoplasm, some with large nuclei and prominent nucleoli. In two of the cases there was discordance between the cytological findings and the immunohistochemical results. The cytological findings were correlated with histopathological observations.

In an attempt to determine if it is possible to distinguish hamartoma of the breast from fibroadenoma using fine-needle aspiration cytology, we reviewed the cytological slides of 13 histopathologically confirmed cases of hamartoma of the breast and compared them with the cytological features of 13 histologically confirmed fibroadenomas. In each case, we studied the epithelial and stromal features. Cytologic characteristics were retrospectively evaluated in a semiquantitive manner. In conclusion, the finding of intact lobular units and a relative paucity of stroma may suggest the diagnosis of hamartoma. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2006;34:326-329. ' 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.