Aim Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a developmental disorder characterized by severe inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. This research aims to determine the frequency of ADHD symptoms in children who were treated in emergency paediatric services due to unintentional injuries. MethodThis study was carried out with children who were treated due to unintentional injuries in an Emergency Department. ADHD symptoms were evaluated using the DSM-IV-based Screening and Assessment Scale for Behavioural Disorders in Children and Adolescents. ResultsThe study sample consisted of 89 girls (40.1%) and 133 boys (59.9%)—a total of 222 children. The participants ranged from 5 to 18 years of age, and the mean age was found to be 11.5±3 years. According to medical evaluations, the most common diagnosis for the unintentional injuries was soft tissue trauma (41.9%). The mean ADHD and ODD (Oppositional Defiant Disorder) scores of our study sample were, respectively, 19.9±12 and 7.7±5.7. The prevalence of children with possible ADHD was as high as 81.6% (179) and, for ODD, was 62.6% (139), according to cut-off values. ConclusionOur results pointed out very high levels of ADHD and ODD symptoms among children who were treated at emergency services for accidental injuries. Appropriately screening for ADHD in children with accidental injuries and referring them to child psychiatry units may prevent later accidents and injuries.

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a trauma and stressor-related disorder that might have prominent negative effects on the social and academic life of children. Unintentional injuries are the leading reason for physical disability and death during childhood. We aimed to investigate PTSD symptoms in children withunintentional injuries who weretreated in hospital. Children who were injured due to various causes and treated in emergency servicewere retrospectively evaluated for PTSD symptoms. The PTSD symptoms were assessed by the revised Children's Revised Impact of Event Scale (CRIES-8), and The Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children. The average age of the study sample consisting of fifty-eight male and thirty-one female children (n= 89) was found to be 13.5  2.9. On average, 5.2  3.4 months had passed after the event. The most common cause of injury was traffic accidents (37.1%) and it was followed by falling from high (33.7%), burn (25.8%), and sharp object injury (2.2%). PTSD was prevalent as 24.7% according to K-SADSevaluation. PTSD rates were observed to vary according to the nature of the event that caused the injury. The findings of our study show that more than one-third of the children, who were hospitalized due to unintentional injuries, developed severe PTSD symptoms. Children who treated for unintentional injuries in emergency services should be referred for psychiatric evaluation.

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ÖZET Amaç: Bu çalışmada İstanbul"daki eğitim ve araştırma hastanelerinde çalışan acil tıp asistanlarında uykululuk ve yorgunluk düzeyinin belirlenmesi ve etkileyen faktörlerin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışma prospektif, kesitsel bir anket çalışması olarak düzenlendi. İstanbul"daki eğitim ve araştırma hastanelerinde 2013 yılında çalışmakta olan acil tıp asistanları üzerinde yapıldı. Çalışmanın yapıldığı dönemde toplam 240 acil tıp asistanı olduğu saptandı. Çalışmaya katılımda gönüllük esası alındı. Çalışmaya katılan acil tıp asistanlarına ankete dayalı form dağıtıldı. Çalışmada yorgunluk ve uykululuk ölçümünde Piper Yorgunluk Ölçeği ve Epworth Uykululuk Ölçeği kullanıldı. Katılımcılar ayrıca bazı sosyodemografik faktörlere ait anketi cevaplandırdı. Bulgular: Çalışmaya yaş ortalamaları 29.8±3.7yıl olan 130 (%67.4) erkek, 63 (%32.6) kadın toplam 193 acil tıp asistanı dahil edildi (Katılım oranı %80.4). Piper yorgunluk ölçeğinde acil tıp asistanlarının genel yorgunluk süresi en sık %55.4 ile aylar olarak saptandı. Acil tıp asistanlarının %12.4"ü yorgunluk hissetmediğini belirtmiştir. Piper yorgunluk ölçeğinde genel yorgunluk süresi ile acil tıp asistanlarının yaş ortalamaları, cinsiyet, medeni hal, çocuk, kronik hastalık varlığı ilaç kullanımı, kullandığı ilaç tipi, sigara kullanımı, asistanlık süresi, meslekteki toplam süresi, nöbet saati, aylık çalışma süresi ve pratisyenlikte acil serviste çalışma durumu arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark saptanmamıştır. Epworth uykululuk ölçeğine göre asistanların %66.8"inde normal gündüz uykululuk hali, %26.4"ünde artmış gündüz uykululuk hali, %6.7"sinde şiddetli gündüz uykululuk hali saptanmıştır. Sonuç: Acil tıp asistanları arasında özellikle ağır çalışma koşulları, yoğun ve vardiyalı iş temposu, eşlik eden stres faktörleri uykululuk ve yorgunluk düzeyini arttırmaktadır. ABSTRACT Introduction:This study is aimed to determine and evaluate the factors which affect the level of sleep and fatigue among the emergency medicine residents working at education and research hospitals in Istanbul. Materials and Methods: This is a prospective and crosssectional survey study that was carried out among emergency medicine residents working at education and training hospitals in İstanbul in 2013. At the time of study, we have revealed a total of 240 emergency medicine residents. The study was based on voluntary participation. Survey forms were distributed to the participants. In the study Piper Fatigue Scale and Epworth Sleep Scale are used for measurement of fatigue. Participants also answered the survey related to demographic factors. Results: There are 130 male and 63 female emergency medicine residents at the mean age 29.8±3.7 year (Participation rate 80.4%). According to Piper Fatigue Scale, the most common fatigue time of emergency medicine residents is detected 55.4% as months. 12.4% of residients never feel fatigue. At Piper Fatigue Scale, there was no statistically differences between general fatigue times and rates of age, sex, marital status, child...