BackgroundWe evaluated the cholesterol lowering efficacy of low-fat spoonable yoghurt with 1.9 g/d plant stanols as esters on plasma lipid profiles of Turkish subjects with mild to moderate hypercholesterolemia.MethodsUsing a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study design, intervention (n = 35) and control (n = 35) groups consumed either 115 g low-fat yoghurt with 1.9 g/d plant stanols as esters or placebo yoghurt, respectively, for 4 weeks. Seventy subjects with untreated mild to moderate hypercholesterolemia (aged 23-65 years) were recruited. Changes in the lipid profile, including lipoproteins, apolipoproteins, and triglycerides, and anthropometric measurements were monitored at screening, baseline, and at the end of the second, third, and fourth weeks of intervention. The general linear model repeated measures procedure was used to test differences in the repeated continuous variables between study groups.ResultsSerum total cholesterol (4.6%), LDL cholesterol (6.3%), and non-HDL cholesterol (6.2%) concentrations were reduced significantly from baseline in the plant stanol group compared to the control group (p = 0.007, p = 0.005 and p = 0.005, respectively). A variation in the response of serum total and LDL cholesterol between the subjects in plant stanol group was obtained. No clinically significant change in anthropometrical measurements was observed during the intervention.ConclusionsThe spoonable low-fat yoghurt with 1.9 g/d plant stanols as esters lowered total, LDL, and non-HDL cholesterol levels in Turkish subjects with mild to moderate hypercholesterolemia. Nevertheless variation in baseline cholesterol levels, genetic predisposition of the subjects and compliance may contribute to a large individual variability.

The nutrient composition of breast milk alters during lactation, and maternal BMI adds more intricacy into its complexity. We aimed to compare leptin, ghrelin, adiponectin, and IGF-1 levels of pre-feed and post-feed breast milk in mothers with obesity and normal weight, and tried to determine their effects on infants’ growth over weight for length z-score. 20 obese and 20 normal weight mothers with 2 month old infants were enrolled in this case-control study. 5 mL pre-feed breast milk and 5 mL post-feed breast milk were collected. Breast milk leptin, ghrelin, adiponectin, and insulin like growth factor-1 were measured by commercial kits. The pre-feed breast milk of mothers with obesity had significantly higher levels of ghrelin than mothers with normal weight (p= 0.025), whereas the post-feed breast milk of mothers with normal weight had higher levels of adiponectin than the mothers with obesity (p= 0.010). No significant differences were observed in leptin and IGF-1 levels between the two groups. Post-feed breast milk IGF-1 levels of mothers with obesity were correlated with infant’s weight for length z-score at 2 months (r= -0.476; p= 0.034). In linear regression models, parity affected the ghrelin in pre-feed breast milk (p= 0.025). Our results revealed that maternal pre-pregnancy BMI was associated with breast milk components.

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Polikistik over sendromu (PKOS) üreme çağındaki kadınlarda görülen bir endokrin bozukluk olup, üreme, hormonal ve metabolik anomalilere neden olur. İnsülin direncinin (İD) eşlik etmesi nedeniyle PKOS tedavisi için insülin duyarlaştırıcı özelliği bulunan farklı terapötik ajanlar da kullanılmaktadır. İnsülin duyarlaştırıcı özelliği bulunan inositol ve antioksidan özelliği olan alfa lipoik asit de bu terapötik ajanlar arasında yer almaktadır. İnositol (myo-inositol ve di-chiroinositol), ikincil bir haberci olarak insülin sinyal iletimi transdüksiyonunda rol alan ve PKOS tedavisinde etkili olduğu gösterilen bir besin takviyesidir. Yapılan çalışmalar, inositol takviyesi ile PKOS'lu kadınlarda yumurtlama hızı, adet döngüleri ve metabolik profillerinde düzelmeler olduğunu bildirmektedir. PKOS ve İD tedavisi için α-lipoik asit (ALA) kullanımı da olası bir terapötik yaklaşım olarak kabul edilmektedir. ALA güçlü bir antioksidan olmanın yanı sıra insülinden bağımsız bir mekanizma ile glikoz taşıyıcı 4'ün (GLUT4) plazma zarına translokasyonunu indükleyen bir hücresel enerji sensörü olan 5'-adenosin monofosfatla aktive edilen protein kinazın (AMPK) aktivasyonu yoluyla insülin duyarlılığını artırabilir. Bu nedenle PKOS'lu kadınlarda ALA'nın oksidatif stresi azaltarak insülin duyarlılığını ve üreme fonksiyonlarını artırabileceği ve metabolik anormallikleri düzeltebileceği belirtilmektedir. Son zamanlarda yapılan çalışmalarda ise inositol ve lipoik asidin ayrı ayrı takviyesine oranla kombine tedavi ile daha iyi sonuçlar alındığı bulunmuştur. Bu derlemede inositol ve ALA'nın ayrı ayrı ve ikisinin kombine tedavisinin PKOS'taki etkisi incelenmiştir.