No abstract

Objective:The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between dry eye disease (DED) and psychosomatic conditions, such as depression, stress, and anxiety, and the distribution of associated risk factors.Methods:In this case control study, the sample consisted of 121 DED subjects and 242 control subjects. Each subjects was diagnosed as having DED or not by an ophthalmologist. Ocular Surface Disease Index and Depression Anxiety Stress Scales were administered to all subjects. Data were analysed using chi-square and Mann Whitney U tests as a univariate analysis and multiple logistic regression as a multivariate analysis.Results:Of 1,458 consecutive outpatients, clinically diagnosed DED was present in 121 individuals (8.3%). There was a significant relationship of family history of DED (OR, 1.43; 95% CI, 0.84-2.41), chronic disease history (OR, 2.84; 95% CI, 1.66-4.87), OSDI score (OR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.97–4.06), depression (OR, 2.06; 95% CI, 1.30-3.27), anxiety (OR, 2.66; 95% CI, 1.67-4.23), and stress (OR, 2.33; 95% CI, 1.48-3.67) with DED.Conclusion:Individuals with depression, anxiety and stress are more likely to experience DED. In addition to confirming some well-known risk factors, this study has found new associations between DED and a family history of DED and the presence of stress.

AS may be an effective alternative to PFAT in the treatment of dry eye developed during isotretinoin use.

COVID-19 salgını ile mücadele kapsamında hastalığın yayılımını önlemek amacıyla iş yerlerinin, eğitim kurumlarının, kültür ve eğlence mekanlarının geçici olarak kapatılması, evden çalışmaya teşvik gibi biri dizi önlemler alındı. Hastalıktan kaynaklanan korkunun yansıra sosyal izolasyon, geleceğe ilişkin belirsizlik ve finansal sıkıntılar, tüm dünyadaki insanların yaşadığı stres ve kaygıyı artırdı. COVID-19 salgını gibi krizlerde toplumlar stres ve kaygıyı azaltmak ayrıca depresyonu hafifletmek için teknolojiyi daha aktif kullanmaktadırlar. Teknoloji büyük insan gruplarının evden çalışmasını sağlarken, bu süreçte sosyalleşmenin ana aracı olmuştur. Teknoloji ihtiyaç duyulan eğlenceyi sağlarken, bilinçsiz bireyler sorunlu kullanım kalıpları geliştirme riski altındadır. Bu derlemenin amacı teknoloji kullanımı risklerini tartışmak ve etkilerini azaltmaya yardımcı olabilecek bazı pratik öneriler sunmaktır. Anahtar Kelimeler: COVID-19, teknoloji bağımlılığı, pandemi, davranışsal bağımlılıklar. In order to prevent the spread of the disease within the scope of combating the COVID-19 epidemic, several measures were taken such as temporary closure of workplaces, educational institutions, cultural and entertainment venues, and encouraging for employees working from home. Social isolation, future uncertainty and financial difficulties as well as fear of illness have increased the stress and anxiety all over the world. In crises such as the COVID-19 outbreak, societies use technology more actively to reduce stress, anxiety and depression. While technology enables large groups of people to work from home, it has been the main tool of socializing in this process. While technology provides the entertainment needed, unconscious individuals are at risk of developing problematic usage patterns. The aim of this review is to discuss technology use risks and provide some practical suggestions that can help reduce technology impact.

Risk factors may differ in the adolescents from rural and urban areas. It is important in overweight and obese children to assess the family history of cardiovascular disease, blood pressure and blood glucose, to ask about the habit of regularly breakfasting, and to evaluate time spent on computer/TV. As in urban areas, environmental regulations also become important in rural areas. Appropriate social activities for children to spent more time outdoor, e.g. in parks or playgrounds, are important in urban as well as in rural areas.

Aims Pandemics can cause substantial psychological distress; however, we do not know the impact of the COVID-19 related lockdown and mental health burden on the parents of school age children. We aimed to comparatively examine the COVID-19 related the stress and psychological burden of the parents with different occupational, locational, and mental health status related backgrounds. Methods A large-scale multicenter online survey was completed by the parents ( n = 3,278) of children aged 6 to 18 years, parents with different occupational (health care workers—HCW [18.2%] vs. others), geographical (İstanbul [38.2%] vs. others), and psychiatric (child with a mental disorder [37.8%]) backgrounds. Results Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that being a HCW parent (odds ratio 1.79, p < .001), a mother (odds ratio 1.67, p < .001), and a younger parent (odds ratio 0.98, p = .012); living with an adult with a chronic physical illness (odds ratio 1.38, p < .001), having an acquaintance diagnosed with COVID-19 (odds ratio 1.22, p = .043), positive psychiatric history (odds ratio 1.29, p < .001), and living with a child with moderate or high emotional distress (odds ratio 1.29, p < .001; vs. odds ratio 2.61, p < .001) were independently associated with significant parental distress. Conclusions Parents report significant psychological distress associated with COVID-19 pandemic and further research is needed to investigate its wider impact including on the whole family unit.

The objective of this study was to demonstrate the effects of community-based social distancing interventions after the first coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) case in Turkey on the course of the pandemic and to determine the number of prevented cases. Methods: In this ecological study, the interventions implemented in response to the first COVID-19 cases in Turkey were evaluated and the effect of the interventions was demonstrated by calculating the effective reproduction number (Rt) of severe acute respiratory syndrome coro navirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) when people complied with community-based social distancing rules. Results: Google mobility scores decreased by an average of 36.33±22.41 points (range, 2.60 to 84.80) and a median of 43.80 points (interquartile range [IQR], 24.90 to 50.25). The interventions caused the calculated Rt to decrease to 1.88 (95% confidence interval, 1.87 to 1.89). The median growth rate was 19.90% (IQR, 10.90 to 53.90). A positive correlation was found between Google mobility data and Rt (r=0.783; p<0.001). The expected number of cases if the growth rate had not changed was predicted according to Google mobility categories, and it was estimated to be 1 381 922 in total. Thus, community-based interventions were estimated to have prevented 1 299 593 people from being infected. Conclusions: Community-based social distancing interventions significantly decreased the Rt of COVID-19 by reducing human mobility, and thereby prevented many people from becoming infected. Another important result of this study is that it shows health policymakers that data on human mobility in the community obtained via mobile phones can be a guide for measures to be taken.

Objective : To determine the prevalence of domestic violence and associated factors among married women in a semi-rural area of western Turkey. Methods: This descriptive study was conducted between March 1 and April 29, 2011 on married women aged 15-49 years. Exposure to at least one of these types of violence at least one time within the past one year was regarded as the presence of domestic violence. Chi-square test and Logistic Regression analysis was used for statistical analysis. Results: Prevalence of domestic violence against women was found to be 39.0%. About 38,4% and 26.8% of women reported verbal and psychological violence respectively. The risk factors found for the domestic violence included youngest age group, an educational level of secondary/high school for men, form of the first marriage, number of children, alcohol and gambling habits of the husband. Conclusion: Our study found higher prevalence of domestic violence than expected. Verbal violence is also a significant problem particularly in terms of its consequences. It was concluded that further informative studies are needed on domestic violence to find out the causative factors to chalk out preventive strategies.