Dry eye disease and depression-anxiety-stress: a hospital-based case control study in Turkey

Abstract

Objective:The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between dry eye disease (DED) and psychosomatic conditions, such as depression, stress, and anxiety, and the distribution of associated risk factors.Methods:In this case control study, the sample consisted of 121 DED subjects and 242 control subjects. Each subjects was diagnosed as having DED or not by an ophthalmologist. Ocular Surface Disease Index and Depression Anxiety Stress Scales were administered to all subjects. Data were analysed using chi-square and Mann Whitney U tests as a univariate analysis and multiple logistic regression as a multivariate analysis.Results:Of 1,458 consecutive outpatients, clinically diagnosed DED was present in 121 individuals (8.3%). There was a significant relationship of family history of DED (OR, 1.43; 95% CI, 0.84-2.41), chronic disease history (OR, 2.84; 95% CI, 1.66-4.87), OSDI score (OR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.97–4.06), depression (OR, 2.06; 95% CI, 1.30-3.27), anxiety (OR, 2.66; 95% CI, 1.67-4.23), and stress (OR, 2.33; 95% CI, 1.48-3.67) with DED.Conclusion:Individuals with depression, anxiety and stress are more likely to experience DED. In addition to confirming some well-known risk factors, this study has found new associations between DED and a family history of DED and the presence of stress.

Prevalence and associated risk factors of dry eye disease in 16 northern West bank towns in Palestine: a cross-sectional study

“…Furthermore, the psychological aftermaths of the Palestinian-Israeli Conflict which was suggested as affecting the Palestinians in a wider range could have increased the levels of stress and anxiety among this population [39]. The psychological aftermaths of the conflict and violence including posttraumatic stress disorders could also have strong public health impact [39], and according to the ophthalmic literature, individuals with anxiety and stress, with or without psychiatric disease, are more expected to experience DED [24,25,40]. The prevalence of DED varies widely between different population-based studies, which make it difficult to compare findings from these studies.…”

Association of dry eye disease with psychiatric or neurological disorders in elderly patients

“…In a large population-based study including 6,655 women of $19 years of age, Na et al25 revealed that subjects with DED showed increased risk of experiencing severe psychological stress, anxiety and depression. Yilmaz et al26 also reported that subjects with depression, stress and anxiety are more prone to DED.…”

Büro Çalışanlarında Kuru Göz Sendromu ve Yaşam Kalitesi: Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Örneği

“…Çeşitli ülkelerde yapılan çalışmalarda KGS sıklığı % 3.9-33.7 arasında değişmektedir (5,(8)(9)(10)(11). Türkiye'de yapılan çalışmalarda ise % 8.3 ve 17.7 olarak rapor edilmiştir (12,13).…”

“…Çalışma grubunda yaş grupları arasında KGS sıklığı açısından bir fark bulunamadı. Yapılan çeşitli çalışmalarda da benzer sonuç bildirilmektedir (34,36,37). Schaumberg ve arkadaşlarının yaptıkları bir araştırmada ise yaş arttıkça KGS sıklığının arttığı rapor edilmektedir (38) (8,30).…”