No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

The Gediz (Alaşehir) Graben is located in the highly tectonically active and seismogenic region of Western Turkey. The rivers upstream of the normal faultbounded graben each contain a nonlithologic knickpoint, including those that drain through inferred fault segment boundaries. Knickpoint heights measured vertically from the fault scale with footwall relief and documented fault throw (vertical displacement). Consequently, we deduce these knickpoints were initiated by an increase in slip rate on the basinbounding fault, driven by linkage of the three main fault segments of the highangle graben bounding fault array. Fault interaction theory and ratios of channel steepness suggest that the slip rate enhancement factor on linkage was a factor of 3. We combine this information with geomorphic and structural constraints to estimate that linkage took place between 0.6 Ma and 1 Ma. Calculated pre and postlinkage throw rates are 0.6 and 2 mm/yr respectively. Maximum knickpoint retreat rates upstream of the faults range from 4.5 to 28 mm/yr, faster than for similar catchments upstream of normal faults in the Central Apennines and the Hatay Graben of Turkey, and implying a fluvial landscape response time of 1.6 to 2.7 Myr. We explore the relative controls of drainage area and precipitation on these retreat rates, and conclude that while climate variation and fault throw rate partially explain the variations seen, 5/18/2017 Normal fault growth and linkage in the Gediz (Alaşehir) Graben, Western Turkey, revealed by transient river longprofiles and slopebreak knickpoin… 2/29 lithology remains a potentially important but poorly characterised variable.

This study of the ~ameli Basin presents a detailed basin evolution combined with structural analysis and provides the first detailed time-stratigraphic framework for the neotectonic development of Neogene grabens along the Fethiye-Burdur Fault Zone in southwestern Anatolia. During the Early Tortonian, the ~ameli Basin was established as a broad fault-bounded fluviolacustrine basin that experienced NW-SE extension. By Mid-Pliocene time, continued NW-SE extension resulted in the formation of a new intrabasinal fault zone that split the basin longitudinally into two compartments. The development of a new generation of normal faults further split the basin into four narrow half-graben compartments at the end of the Late Pliocene. Structural analysis of basin-bounding and intrabasinal faults related to this three-stage basin development shows that NW-SE extension apparently persisted from Late Miocene to early Quaternary time. The youngest (i.e. Holocene), deformation is characterized by dextral shear along NE-SW-trending strikeslip faults and continuing NW-SE extension. The Late Miocene foundering of the basin was related to extension in the northerly hinterland zone of the still-emplacing Lycian nappes, whereas outward growth of the Hellenic Arc in response to the westward Anatolian extrusion is the main cause for NW-SE extension from the Pliocene onward. Dextral strike-slip faulting is localized and is associated with the activity of NW-SE-trending faults that accommodated NE-SW extension. The simultaneous activity of these faults suggests the existence of biaxial extensional tectonics, as initially proposed for the Burdur-Dinar area. Sinistral strike-slip faulting, continuing along the eastern Hellenic Arc, penetrated the southernmost part of Turkey but has not yet reached the Cameli Basin area. Our biostratigraphically well-constrained tectonosedimentary model for the evolution of the Cameli Basin provides a reliable time-stratigraphic framework for NE-SW extension in the 'Fethiye-Burdur Fault Zone' of SW Anatolia. We believe that this fault zone represents a broad zone of isolated or interconnected NE-SW-trending basins that formed under prevailing NW-SE extension, rather than being a significant strike-slip fault zone.

Remains of fossil hominins from temperate regions of the Old World are rare across both time and space, but such specimens are necessary for understanding basic issues in human evolution including linkages between their adaptations and early migration patterns. We report here the remarkable circumstances surrounding the discovery of the first fossil hominin calvaria from Turkey. The specimen was found in the Denizli province of western Turkey and recovered from within a solid block of travertine stone as it was being sawed into tile-sized slabs for the commercial natural stone building market. The new specimen fills an important geographical and temporal gap and displays several anatomical features that are shared with other Middle Pleistocene hominins from both Africa and Asia attributed to Homo erectus. It also preserves an unusual pathology on the endocranial surface of the frontal bone that is consistent with a diagnosis of Leptomeningitis tuberculosa (TB), and this evidence represents the most ancient example of this disease known for a fossil human. TB is exacerbated in dark-skinned peoples living in northern latitudes by a vitamin D deficiency because of reduced levels of ultraviolet radiation (UVR). Evidence for TB in the new specimen supports the thesis that reduced UVR was one of the many climatic variables presenting an adaptive challenge to ancient hominins during their migration into the temperate regions of Europe and Asia.

cited By 20International audienceno abstrac