Stable isotope geochemical study of Pamukkale travertines: New evidences of low-temperature non-equilibrium calcite-water fractionation

Kele, Sándor; Özkul, Mehmet; Fórizs, István; Gökgöz, Ali; Baykara, Mehmet Oruç; Alçiçek, Mehmet Cihat; Németh, Tibor

doi:10.1016/j.sedgeo.2011.04.015

Cited by 167 publications

(220 citation statements)

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“…The most characteristic and studied travertine deposits are in Italy (Bagni San Filippo, Terme San Giovanni, Tivoli, Guidonia Montecelio etc), USA (Yellowstone National Park), Turkey (Pamukkale), etc. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] In Greece, there are hot springs in many areas. Magmatic and volcanic processes and active fault systems favour the rise of deep waters that are discharged at the surface as hot springs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution, lithotypes and mineralogical study of newly formed thermogenic travertines in Northern Euboea and Eastern Central Greece

Kanellopoulos

2012

Open Geosciences

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Abstract:In the northwestern part of Euboea Island and the neighbouring part of the mainland in eastern central Greece, many hot springs exist. We collected and analysed the newly formed material around the hot springs. The samples were studied at the lab with X-Ray Diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS). In all cases the studied materials were thermogenic travertine presenting many different lithotypes. The studied travertine deposits consist mainly of aragonite and calcite, but in some cases, as the main mineral phase, an amorphous hydrous ferric oxyhydroxide, probably ferrihydrite (creating a laminated iron-rich travertine deposit), was identified. The lithotypes that were identified were of great variety (spicular, shrubs, etc

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution, lithotypes and mineralogical study of newly formed thermogenic travertines in Northern Euboea and Eastern Central Greece

Kanellopoulos

2012

Open Geosciences

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“…Travertine d 13 C values in the Denizli area suggest a mixture of CO 2 sources with important contributions of thermometamorphic (Paleozoic metamorphosed carbonates) and magmatic CO 2 , in addition to CO 2 derived from the degradation of organic matter (Kele et al, 2011;Claes et al, 2015). d 13 C compositions of recent travertine deposited at Pamukkale are enriched (Uysal et al, 2007;Kele et al, 2011;, whereas the associated oxygen isotopes are often , 2015). These values have been interpreted as original nondiagenetic differences that reflect changes in spring fluid sources spatially or through time .…”

Section: Cakmak Quarry Ballık Area Denizli Basin Sw Turkeymentioning

confidence: 96%

“…A recent archeological study indicates that these travertine depositional ages have large uncertainties and may even reach 1.1e1.3 Ma (Lebatard et al, 2014). The modern active spring water erupting from vents at Pamukkale are of CaeMgeSO 4 eHCO 3 -type, emerge at temperatures of 35e57 C with pH between 6.0 and 7.4, and evolve along the downstream outflow drainage system to a pH of 7.8 with temperatures of 20 C (Pentecost et al, 1997;Kele et al, 2011;. Travertine d 13 C values in the Denizli area suggest a mixture of CO 2 sources with important contributions of thermometamorphic (Paleozoic metamorphosed carbonates) and magmatic CO 2 , in addition to CO 2 derived from the degradation of organic matter (Kele et al, 2011;Claes et al, 2015).…”

Section: Cakmak Quarry Ballık Area Denizli Basin Sw Turkeymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The modern active spring water erupting from vents at Pamukkale are of CaeMgeSO 4 eHCO 3 -type, emerge at temperatures of 35e57 C with pH between 6.0 and 7.4, and evolve along the downstream outflow drainage system to a pH of 7.8 with temperatures of 20 C (Pentecost et al, 1997;Kele et al, 2011;. Travertine d 13 C values in the Denizli area suggest a mixture of CO 2 sources with important contributions of thermometamorphic (Paleozoic metamorphosed carbonates) and magmatic CO 2 , in addition to CO 2 derived from the degradation of organic matter (Kele et al, 2011;Claes et al, 2015). d 13 C compositions of recent travertine deposited at Pamukkale are enriched (Uysal et al, 2007;Kele et al, 2011;, whereas the associated oxygen isotopes are often , 2015).…”

Section: Cakmak Quarry Ballık Area Denizli Basin Sw Turkeymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5B, C), one of the few previously unstudied and best-exposed active quarries in the "domal" area of Ballık and representative of the different facies underlying and building up the domal structures. Several other quarries, both on the northern and southern flank of the Denizli Basin, have been studied from a sedimentological, diagenetic, geochemical or dating perspective ( € Ozkul et al, 2010Kele et al, 2011;De Filippis et al, 2012;Claes et al, 2015;Lopez et al, in press). Two adjacent quarries in the "domal" area, Faber and Ece were investigated, sampled and mapped by Claes et al (2015) with the goal to develop a threedimensional geobody model (Fig.…”

Section: Cakmak Quarry Ballık Area Denizli Basin Sw Turkeymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparative study of the Pleistocene Cakmak quarry (Denizli Basin, Turkey) and modern Mammoth Hot Springs deposits (Yellowstone National Park, USA)

Boever

Foubert

Lopez

et al. 2017

Quaternary International

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This study compares and contrasts the travertine depositional facies of two of the largest sites of travertine formation, located in very different geological contexts, i.e. the modern Mammoth Hot Spring (MHS) system in the active volcanic complex of Yellowstone National Park (USA) and the Pleistocene Cakmak quarry, a well-exposed example of the Ballık travertines in the extensional Denizli Basin (Turkey). New, 2D to 3D facies maps of both travertine systems, combined with microscopy, assist in proposing an integrated spring depositional model, based on the existing MHS facies model, understanding general controls on meter to kilometer scale travertine deposit architecture and its preservation, and provide quantitative estimates of facies spatial coverage and slope using GIS. The comparison resulted in the distinction of eight facies, grouped in five downstream facies zones from Vent to Distal Slope. Notwithstanding the different geological context of both travertine systems, observations show that several of the facies are strikingly comparable (draping Apron and Channel Facies, top-slope Pond Facies, crystalline Proximal Slope Facies and Distal Slope Facies), whereas other facies do not have a precise, exposed equivalent (Vent Facies, pavement Apron and Channel Facies, extended Pond facies and phyto Proximal Slope Facies). Combining observations of active springs at MHS with the Cakmak vertical travertine quarry exposures demonstrates that lateral and vertical facies transitions are a sensitive record of changes in the spring dynamics (flow intensity and paths) that become well-preserved in the geological record, and can be recognized as prograding, aggrading, retrograding trends or erosive surfaces, traceable over tens to hundreds of meters. Quantification of facies specific coverage at MHS shows that Proximal and Distal Slope Facies deposits cover as much as~90% of the total mapped surface area. In addition, only~7% of the surface is found to be marked by a waterfilm related to an active flowing spring. Slope statistics reveal that strong slope breaks can often be related to transgressive Apron and Channel Facies belts and that variable, but steep slopes (up to 40 ) are dominated by Proximal Slope Facies, in agreement with the Cakmak exposures. Integrating travertine facies and architecture of deposits formed in distinct geological contexts can improve the prediction of general spring facies distributions and controls in other, modern and ancient, subsurface travertine systems.

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Multiscale approach to (micro)porosity quantification in continental spring carbonate facies: Case study from the Cakmak quarry (Denizli, Turkey)

Boever

Foubert

Oligschlaeger

et al. 2016

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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Carbonate spring deposits gained renewed interest as potential contributors to subsurface reservoirs and as continental archives of environmental changes. In contrast to their fabrics, petrophysical characteristics -and especially the importance of microporosity (< 1mm) -are less understood. This study presents the combination of advanced petrophysical and imaging techniques to investigate the pore network characteristics of three, common and widespread spring carbonate facies, as exposed in the Pleistocene Cakmak quarry (Denizli, Turkey): the extended Pond, the dipping crystalline Proximal Slope Facies and the draping Apron and Channel Facies deposits formed by encrustation of biological substrate. Integrating mercury injection capillary pressure, bulk and diffusion Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), NMR profiling and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) measurements with microscopy and micro-computer tomography (m-CT), shows that NMR T 2 distributions systematically display a single group of micro-sized pore bodies, making up between 6 and 33% of the pore space (average NMR T 2 cut-off value: 62 ms). Micropore bodies are systematically located within cloudy crystal cores of granular and dendritic crystal textures in all facies. The investigated properties therefore do not reveal differences in micropore size or shape with respect to more or less biology-associated facies. The pore network of the travertine facies is distinctive in terms of (i) the percentage of microporosity, (ii) the connectivity of micropores with meso-to macropores, and (ii) the degree of heterogeneity at micro-and macroscale. Results show that an approach involving different NMR experiments provided the most complete view on the 3-D pore network especially when microporosity and connectivity are of interest.

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Stable isotope geochemical study of Pamukkale travertines: New evidences of low-temperature non-equilibrium calcite-water fractionation

Cited by 167 publications

References 65 publications

Distribution, lithotypes and mineralogical study of newly formed thermogenic travertines in Northern Euboea and Eastern Central Greece

Distribution, lithotypes and mineralogical study of newly formed thermogenic travertines in Northern Euboea and Eastern Central Greece

Comparative study of the Pleistocene Cakmak quarry (Denizli Basin, Turkey) and modern Mammoth Hot Springs deposits (Yellowstone National Park, USA)

Multiscale approach to (micro)porosity quantification in continental spring carbonate facies: Case study from the Cakmak quarry (Denizli, Turkey)

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