Breast cancer affects one in eight women in their lifetime. Though diet, age and genetic predisposition are established risk factors, the majority of breast cancers have unknown etiology. The human microbiota refers to the collection of microbes inhabiting the human body. Imbalance in microbial communities, or microbial dysbiosis, has been implicated in various human diseases including obesity, diabetes, and colon cancer. Therefore, we investigated the potential role of microbiota in breast cancer by next-generation sequencing using breast tumor tissue and paired normal adjacent tissue from the same patient. In a qualitative survey of the breast microbiota DNA, we found that the bacterium Methylobacterium radiotolerans is relatively enriched in tumor tissue, while the bacterium Sphingomonas yanoikuyae is relatively enriched in paired normal tissue. The relative abundances of these two bacterial species were inversely correlated in paired normal breast tissue but not in tumor tissue, indicating that dysbiosis is associated with breast cancer. Furthermore, the total bacterial DNA load was reduced in tumor versus paired normal and healthy breast tissue as determined by quantitative PCR. Interestingly, bacterial DNA load correlated inversely with advanced disease, a finding that could have broad implications in diagnosis and staging of breast cancer. Lastly, we observed lower basal levels of antibacterial response gene expression in tumor versus healthy breast tissue. Taken together, these data indicate that microbial DNA is present in the breast and that bacteria or their components may influence the local immune microenvironment. Our findings suggest a previously unrecognized link between dysbiosis and breast cancer which has potential diagnostic and therapeutic implications.

Chemically disordered face centered cubic (fcc) FePt nanoparticles (NPs) show the controlled release of Fe in low pH solution. The released Fe catalyzes H 2 O 2 decomposition into reactive oxygen species within cells, causing fast oxidation and deterioration of cellular membrane. Functionalized with luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) peptide via phospholipid, the fcc-FePt NPs can bind preferentially to the human ovarian cancer cell line (A2780) that over-expresses LHRH receptors, and exhibit high toxicity to these tumor cells. In contrast, the fcc-FePt NPs pre-etched in the low pH (4.8) buffer solution show non-appreciable cytotoxicity. The work demonstrates that fcc-FePt NPs may function as a new type of agent for controlled cancer therapy.

US-guided FNA of axillary lymph nodes in patients with newly diagnosed breast cancer had a sensitivity that increased with increasing size of the primary tumor.

Ultrasound-guided FNA of the axillary lymph nodes is most useful in the preoperative assessment of patients with large tumors (> 2 cm) or lymph nodes that appear abnormal.

Our results indicate that women 40 years of age and younger have a worse 5CSS than their older counterparts. This difference in survival is not solely a reflection of more advanced disease but may reflect differences in tumor biology.

No abstract

Our results indicate that women 40 years of age and younger have a worse 5CSS than their older counterparts. This difference in survival is not solely a reflection of more advanced disease but may reflect differences in tumor biology.

ObjectiveThe suggestion that breast cancer management is compromised in elderly patients had prompted our review of the results of policies regarding screening and early detection of breast cancer and the adequacy of primary treatment in older women (.65 ResultsThe frequency of mammographic screening for all averaged 40% in 1987, 52% in 1987, and 63% in 1995. In the 65-year-old and older patients, the frequency of screening was 34% in 1987, 45% in 1989, and 48% in 1995, whereas in the 40-to 49-year-old age group, the frequency of mammography was 47% in 1987, 61 % in 1989, and 74% in 1995 579