Recent studies have shown that there is also biological plausibility for a possible relationship between periodontal disease and Cannabis use, thus the aim of this study was to investigate whether the use of Cannabis is associated with periodontitis. Electronic searches were performed in PubMed, Scopus, ISI‐Web of Science, BVS‐Virtual health library and Scielo without restrictions. Search strategy was performed using relevant keywords considering the structure of each database. Longitudinal and cross‐sectional studies that investigated the association between the use of Cannabis and periodontal disease were included. Meta‐analyses and sensitivity analysis were conducted. A total of 143 records were found in the initial searches and five articles were included in the systematic review, being four studies included in the meta‐analysis. Overall, 13 491 individuals were included, of which 49.5% were males. Three of included studies investigated the relationship between cannabis and periodontal disease in adults and the other two studies were performed in adolescents. A positive association was observed between the use of cannabis and periodontitis (PR 1.12 CI 95% [1.06‐1.19]) with 19.0% of heterogeneity. The analysis of sensibility showed that none study influenced the results enough to change the pooled estimate. Regarding to the quality assessment, all studies presented high quality. The results of systematic review and meta‐analyses demonstrate that the use of Cannabis is associated with a higher prevalence of periodontitis.
Recent publications suggest the possible association between cannabis (Cannabis sativa) and periodontitis. Objective: To analyze the possible influence of cannabis use on periodontal disease, highlighting the available evidence and identifying the associated variables in the studies. Materials and methods: We conducted a scoping review applying a structured search method in PubMed/MEDLINE, Science Direct, LILACS, SciELO including publications until May 2017. Results: In vivo studies showed greater bone loss in animals exposed to cannabis. Clinical cases show that chronic cannabis use may result in gingival enlargement (with clinical features similar to phenytoin induced enlargement) and localized severe chronic periodontitis. Most of the epidemiological studies confirmed the possible association between cannabis and periodontitis. Conclusions: The specific mechanism by which cannabis acts in the gingival tissues is unknown.
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of irradiance and radiant exposure on the chemical-mechanical properties of a resin composite. A micro-hybrid resin composite (Clearfil AP-X, Kuraray) was investigated under two different irradiances: low (300 mW/cm 2 ) and high (800 mW/cm 2 ) and radiant exposures: 8 and 16 J/cm 2 . Four groups, named Low 8 J/cm 2 , High 8 J/cm 2 , Low 16 J/cm 2 , and High 16 J/cm 2 were tested, and their flexural strengths, elastic moduli, depths of cure, and degrees of conversion were evaluated. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test. A multiple linear regression model was used to correlate the irradiance and radiant exposure with dependent variables (α = 0.05). Irradiance and radiant exposure were found statistically significant for all dependent variables. The interaction between the factors was statistically significant only for the degree of conversion and elastic modulus. Group Low 16 J/cm 2 exhibited a significantly superior performance in all the evaluated properties. Barring the degree of conversion, no significant differences were observed among the properties evaluated between the Low 8 J/cm 2 and High 8 J/cm 2 groups. The adjusted R 2 values were high for the depth of cure and degree of conversion (0.58 and 0.96, respectively). Both irradiance and radiant exposure parameters play an important role in establishing the final properties of a micro-hybrid resin composite. Irradiance has a greater influence under higher radiant exposures.
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