An elevated number of failures were observed due to recurrent caries, highlighting the need for professionals to work with a health-promoting approach. The high variation on failure rate among the materials can be due to children's behavior during the procedure, which demands short dental appointments and a controlled environment.

Tendo em vista a expansão dos cursos de Odontologia (CO) e o aumento do número de cirurgiões-dentistas (CD) no Brasil, o objetivo do presente estudo foi descrever a distribuição dos CO e dos CD nas diferentes regiões do Brasil. Além disso, foi comparada a proporção do número de habitantes/dentista (NH/CD) com os indicadores da Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS). Dados relativos à quantidade de CO e CD foram obtidos do Conselho Federal de Odontologia (CFO). O número de habitantes estimado para cada local foi investigado pelos dados do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). Foram calculadas as concentrações NH/CD para comparação com o índice recomendado pela OMS. Todos os dados foram coletados entre maio e junho de 2016. Para analisar se o número de CO está correlacionado ao número de CD e NH/CD, foi realizado o teste de Correlação de Pearson. Foram identificados 220 cursos, sendo majoritariamente privados (75%) e localizados no Sudeste (43,6%). A região Norte foi a que menos apresentou CO (10%) e o menor número de CD. Foram identificados 274 mil CD registrados, concentrados principalmente na região Sudeste (55,7%), seguida pela região Sul (16,8%). Todas as regiões brasileiras apresentam menor razão de NH/CD que o recomendado pela OMS, indicando que há mais dentistas que o necessário na maior parte do país. Uma correlação positiva (0,98) foi observada entre o número de CO e o número de CD, enquanto uma correlação de 0,44 foi observada entre o NH/CD. Assim, o mercado de trabalho odontológico brasileiro mostra-se saturado e altamente competitivo, com um número muito maior de profissionais por habitante que o recomendado pela OMS. Ainda, existe concentração de profissionais nas regiões mais desenvolvidas e ricas do país.

The aim of this scoping study was to evaluate the survival rate and nature of tissue formed inside root canals of human immature permanent teeth with necrotic pulps (NIPT) under root canal revascularization (RCR). The search was performed in SciVerse Scopus®, PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science®, BIREME and in the grey literature up to November 2015. The keywords were selected using MeSH terms and DECs. Two independent reviewers scrutinized the records obtained considering specific inclusion criteria. The included studies were evaluated in accordance with a modified Arksey and O' Malley's framework. From 375 studies that were evaluated, 75 were included. A total of 367 NIPT were submitted to RCR, from which only 21 needed further endodontic treatment. The weighted mean follow-up time was 17.6 months. The data were derived mainly from case reports (69%) or small case series (15%). NaOCl [0.5-6%] was applied as the disinfecting solution in almost all studies. Triple antibiotic paste was as effective as Ca(OH) as on intracanal medicament. De novo tissue was cementum and poorly mineralized bone positive to bone sialoprotein (BSP) but negative to dentine sialoprotein (DSP). Failures were associated mainly with reinfection of the root canal. The majority of included studies reported a significant increase in both root length and width. However, as most of these data came from case reports, they must be interpreted with care, as most were focused on treatment successes (not failures). Therefore, well-designed randomized controlled trials comparing RCR with available apexification treatments are needed to address this gap in the literature.

Stem cell-based therapy (SC-BT) is emerging as an alternative for endodontic therapies. The interaction between stem cells and scaffolds plays a crucial role in the generation of a 'friendly cell' microenvironment. The aim of this systematic review was to explore techniques applied to regenerate the pulp-dentine complex tissue using SC-BT. An electronic search into the SciVerse Scopus (SS), ISI Web Science (IWS) and Entrez PubMed (EP) using specific keywords was performed. Specific inclusion and exclusion criteria were predetermined. The search yielded papers, out of which full-text papers were included in the final analyses. Data extraction pooled the results in four main topics: (a) influence of the chemical properties of the scaffolds over cell behaviour; (b) influence of the physical characteristics of scaffolds over cell behaviour; (c) strategies applied to improve the stem cell/scaffold interface; and (d) influence of cue microenvironment on stem cell differentiation towards odontoblast-like cells and pulp-like tissue formation. The relationship between the scaffolds, the environment and the growth factors released from dentine are critical for de novo pulp tissue regeneration. The preconditioning of dentine walls with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) was imperative for successful pulp-dentine complex regeneration. An analyses of the grouped results revealed that pulp regeneration was an attainable goal.

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Studies based on dentists' clinical practice possess vital relevance to understand factors leading the clinicians to choose by a specific technique over another. This study investigated which clinical conduct therapies are adopted by dentists in front of deep caries. Was evaluated how the place of work, post-graduate training and years since complete graduation influenced their decisions. A cross-sectional study was performed using a self-applied questionnaire with dentists (n=276) in Southern Brazil. Information regarding post-graduation training (specialization, master's or PhD), clinical experience (years since completing graduation) and place of work were investigated. The information regarding pulp vital therapies (materials for direct pulp capping; techniques for caries removal in deep cavities and strategies for indirect pulp capping) were collected by specific questions. Data were submitted to descriptive analysis and Exact Fischer Test. Response rate was 68% (187). The majority of dentists selected the calcium hydroxide (CH) as first material for direct (86.3%) and indirect (80.3%) pulp protection. Partial caries removal was reported by 61.9% of dentists. Less experienced clinical dentists choose partial caries removal more frequently (p=0.009), if compared with dentists graduated 10 years and up ago. The use of MTA was more common among professionals working at academic environment. Besides, MTA was not mentioned by professionals working exclusively in the public health service (p=0.003). In conclusion, the time since graduation influenced the clinical conduct related to caries removal. The choice of liner materials was influenced by dentists' workplace.

Skin color played an important role in dentists' treatment decisions. Professionals may contribute unconsciously to the propagation and replication of racial discrimination.

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