Evaluation of irradiance and radiant exposure on the polymerization and mechanical properties of a resin composite

Grazioli, Guillermo; Cuevas‐Suárez, Carlos Enrique; Mederos, Matias; León, Elisa De; García, Andrés; Zamarripa-Calderón, Juan Eliezer; Piva, Evandro

doi:10.1590/1807-3107bor-2022.vol36.0082

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(48 reference statements)

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“…Considering the irradiance (600 mW/cm 2 ) and the time of irradiation per section (20 s), the specimens received the following total radiant exposure: irradiance × time of irradiation: 15 mm × 1 mm–120 J/cm 2 , 10 mm × 1 mm–72 J/cm 2 , and 6 mm × 1 mm–24 J/cm 2 . Although there is no definite value, according to previous studies [ 63 , 64 , 65 ] a radiant exposure ranging from 16 to 20 J/cm 2 is enough to guarantee a suitable degree of conversion for a resin-based material. In the present study, for each resin-based restorative material, the DC% was not influenced by the specimen dimension ( Table 2 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Specimen Dimension, Water Immersion Protocol, and Surface Roughness on Water Sorption and Solubility of Resin-Based Restorative Materials

da Silva,

Amaral,

Jardim

et al. 2024

Materials

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The evaluation of water sorption and solubility is pivotal for the development of new resin-based restorative materials with the potential for clinical application. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the influence of the specimen dimension, water immersion protocol, and surface roughness on the water sorption and solubility of three resin-based restorative materials. Disk-shaped specimens of 15 mm × 1 mm, 10 mm × 1 mm, and 6 mm × 1 mm were produced with a composite resin (Z100), a resin cement (RelyX ARC), and an adhesive system (Single Bond 2—SB2). The specimens were immersed in distilled water according to four protocols: ISO (all the specimens for each group were vertically immersed in 50 mL); IV-10 (the specimens were individually and vertically immersed in 10 mL); IH-10 (the specimens were individually and horizontally immersed in 10 mL); and IH-2 (the specimens were individually and horizontally immersed in 2 mL). The surface roughness (Sa and Sp) was evaluated using an atomic force microscope, and the degree of conversion was determined using FT-IR spectrometry. The specimen dimension and water immersion protocol had no effect on water sorption and solubility. For the three resin-based restorative materials, Sp was higher than Sa. The degree of conversion was not influenced by the specimen dimension. The variations in the specimen dimension and water immersion protocol compared to those determined by ISO 4049 did not prevent the comparison between the values of water sorption and solubility obtained for a given resin-based restorative material.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Specimen Dimension, Water Immersion Protocol, and Surface Roughness on Water Sorption and Solubility of Resin-Based Restorative Materials

da Silva,

Amaral,

Jardim

et al. 2024

Materials

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“…This agrees with a previous study that showed that the temperature rise was mainly determined by the radiant exposure. 45 The clinician should also be aware that delivering a low radiant exposure will compromise the mechanical properties of the restorations, 46,47 and can increase the material's toxicity. 47 For this in vitro study, the fluid flow through the pulp was adjusted to a flow rate of 0.026 mL/min based on previous studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In‐vitro pulpal temperature increases when photo‐curing bulk‐fill resin‐based composites using laser or light‐emitting diode light curing units

Maucoski

Price

Sullivan

et al. 2023

J Esthet Restor Dent

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Objective: To evaluate the in vitro pulpal temperature rise (ΔT) within the pulp chamber when low-and high-viscosity bulk-fill resin composites are photo-cured using laser or contemporary light curing units (LCUs). Materials and Methods: The light output from five LCUs was measured. Nonretentive Class I and V cavities were prepared in one upper molar. Two T-type thermocouples were inserted into the pulp chamber. After the PT values reached 32 C under simulated pulp flow (0.026 mL/min), both cavities were restored with: Filtek One Bulk Fill (3 M), Filtek Bulk Fill Flow (3 M), Tetric PowerFill (Ivoclar Vivadent), or Tetric PowerFlow (Ivoclar Vivadent). The tooth was exposed as follows: Monet Laser (1 and 3 s), PowerCure (3 and 20 s), PinkWave (3 and 20 s), Valo X (5 and 20 s) and SmartLite Pro (20 s). The ΔT data were subjected to one-way ANOVA followed by Scheffe's post hoc test.Results: Monet 1 s (1.9 J) and PinkWave 20 s (30.1 J) delivered the least and the highest amount of energy, respectively. Valo X and PinkWave used for 20 s produced the highest ΔT values (3.4-4.1 C). Monet 1 s, PinkWave 3 s, PowerCure 3 s (except FB-Flow) and Monet 3 s for FB-One and TP-Fill produced the lowest ΔT values (0.9-1.7 C). No significant differences were found among composites.Conclusions: Short 1-to 3-s exposures produced acceptable temperature rises, regardless of the composite.Clinical Significance: The energy delivered to the tooth by the LCUs affects the temperature rise inside the pulp. The short 1-3 s exposure times used in this study delivered the least amount of energy and produced a lower temperature rise. However, the RBC may not have received sufficient energy to be adequately photo-cured.

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Compressive modulus, translucency, and irradiance transmittance of clear PVS materials used for resin injection molding technique

Machado,

Rocha,

Oliveira

et al. 2024

J Esthet Restor Dent

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ObjectivesTo evaluate the compressive modulus, translucency, and light curing irradiance transmittance of four clear polyvinyl siloxane (PVS) materials used for the injection molding technique at varying thicknesses, and to assess the correlation between color parameters and irradiance transmittance.Materials and MethodsFour clear PVS materials (Exaclear, Clear Bite Matrix, Affinity Crystal, and Memosil 2) were used in this study. Compressive modulus was measured by compressing cylindrical PVS specimens (n = 9; d = 10 mm; t = 6 mm) up to 30% strain using a universal testing machine. For the translucency analysis and irradiance transmittance, specimens (n = 5) were fabricated with five different thicknesses (d = 12 mm and t = 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 mm). The L*, a, *b* values of specimens were obtained using a CIELab spectrophotometer (CMD‐700, Konica Minolta) with calibrated white and black tiles; the translucency parameter was calculated. The same specimens were placed onto a spectrophotometer (MARC Light Collector) to measure irradiance transmitted through the specimens from a light curing unit (Valo Corded, Ultradent). Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Tukey post hoc test and the correlation between translucency and irradiance transmittance of materials for each thickness was evaluated using Pearson's correlation.ResultsCompressive modulus differences in PVS materials were significant (one‐way ANOVA: df = 3, F = 76.27, p < 0.001); Affinity and Memosil 2 were highest with no significant difference between them (Tukey: t = −1.62; p = 0.382). Clear Bite was higher than Exaclear (Tukey: t = −3.70; p = 0.004). Exaclear was lowest. Translucency decreased with thickness (Two‐way ANOVA: df = 3, F = 586.53, p < 0.001; thickness: df = 4, F = 1389.34, p < 0.001). Exaclear was most translucent at all thicknesses. L*, a*, b* values varied by material and thickness (L*: df = 3, F = 1213.32, p < 0.001; a*: df = 3, F = 10766.8, p < 0.001; b*: df = 3, F = 3260.42, p < 0.001). Memosil 2 had lowest b* values. Irradiance transmittance was affected by material and thickness (Two‐way ANOVA: df = 4, F = 2388.86, p < 0.001). Exaclear had highest irradiance transmission, surpassing control at >6 mm. Violet/blue irradiance ratio decreased with thickness; Exaclear maintained a constant ratio, indicating preserved violet irradiance. There was a strong positive correlation between translucency and light irradiance (Pearson's r = 0.97, R2 = 0.86–0.96). Radiant exposure analysis suggests adjusting the curing time based on PVS thickness for optimal exposure (10 J/cm2) is achievable within 13–14 s for <2 mm and 21–30 s for 8–10 mm with Clear Bite, Affinity, and Memosil 2; whereas Exaclear requires less time.ConclusionsCompressive modulus in clear PVS materials varied by type; Affinity and Memosil 2 demonstrate higher modulus, offering more stability of the clear mold. Translucency and irradiance transmission through clear PVS materials decreased as their thickness increased, yet Exaclear exceled in maintaining high translucency and superior light transmission capabilities. Additionally, there is a strong positive linear correlation between translucency and light irradiance transmittance, offering a method to adjust curing times effectively based on material translucency.Clinical SignificanceThe light curing time to adequately polymerize composite through clear impression material may need to be increased, particularly with thicker matrices or less translucent materials.

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Evaluation of irradiance and radiant exposure on the polymerization and mechanical properties of a resin composite

Cited by 3 publications

References 31 publications

Influence of Specimen Dimension, Water Immersion Protocol, and Surface Roughness on Water Sorption and Solubility of Resin-Based Restorative Materials

Influence of Specimen Dimension, Water Immersion Protocol, and Surface Roughness on Water Sorption and Solubility of Resin-Based Restorative Materials

In‐vitro pulpal temperature increases when photo‐curing bulk‐fill resin‐based composites using laser or light‐emitting diode light curing units

Compressive modulus, translucency, and irradiance transmittance of clear PVS materials used for resin injection molding technique

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