The aim of the study was to investigate the association of physical activity in three categories (inactive, insufficiently active and active) with health outcomes in people with epilepsy. The dependent variables and the instruments used in the study were: a) quality of life - measured by Quality of Life in Epilepsy-31 for adults and Quality of Life in Epilepsy for Adolescents, b) side effects of medication - measured by Adverse Events Profile, c) depression - measured by Neurological Disorders Depression Inventory for Epilepsy, and d) state and trait anxiety - measured by State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Physical activity levels were analyzed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) for adults in the commuting and leisure domains and Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents (PAQ-A). Simple and multiple linear regression was used in the statistical analysis. The cross-sectional study with one hundred and one individuals was conducted in Pelotas/RS, Brazil, at the Neurology Clinic of the Faculty of Medicine of the Federal University of Pelotas. In the crude analysis, physical activity was positively associated with quality of life (p<0.001) and negatively associated with depression (p=0.046), state of anxiety (p=0.014), trait of anxiety (p=0.015) and side effect of medication (p=0.01). In addition, physical activity levels explained 10% of the quality of life (R=0.10). In the adjusted analysis, physical activity remained associated with side effect of medication (p=0.014) and was not associated with trait anxiety (p=0.066). However, quality of life showed a positive linear trend (p=0.001) while depression (p=0.033) and anxiety state (p=0.004) showed a negative trend according to physical activity levels. Physical activity was associated with health outcomes, and can be a nonpharmacological treatment in people with epilepsy for improving health and life conditions.

Objective: This study aims to compare the effect of intradialytic aerobic exercise with blood flow restriction, without blood flow restriction (conventional) and no exercise (control) on muscle strength and walking endurance among chronic kidney disease patients. Design: Open label and parallel group randomized controlled trial. Subjects: Adult patients with chronic kidney disease on hemodialysis. Intervention: A 12-week intradialytic training with or without blood flow restriction compared with a control group. Main measures: Strength and walking endurance were measured using thoracolumbar dynamometry and a 6-minute walk test, respectively, before and after training. Results: A total of 66 patients were randomized into three groups: blood flow restriction group ( n = 22), conventional exercise group ( n = 22) and control group ( n = 22). There were seven dropouts, and 59 patients were included in the analysis. There was a significant increase in the 6-minute walking distance in the blood flow restriction group (from 412.7 (115.9) to 483.0 (131.0) m, P = 0.007) in comparison with the conventional exercise group (from 426.79 (115.00) to 433.2 (120.42) m, not significant) and the control group (from 428.4 (108.1) to 417.3 (100.2) m, not significant). The change in the walking distance over time was significantly different among groups (intervention group/time, P = 0.02). The simple effects test found a significant time effect only in the blood flow restriction group. There was no significant difference in strength change between the groups. Conclusion: Among chronic kidney disease patients, intradialytic exercise of low/moderate intensity with blood flow restriction was more effective in improving walking endurance than conventional exercise or no exercise.

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Abstract--This study compared all-domains and domain-specific physical activity scores assessed through four variations of the IPAQ long version: (a) typical week, administered by an interviewer; (b) typical week, self-administered; (c) past seven days, interviewer-administered; (d) past seven days, self-administered. The sample included 38 physical education college students. Self-reported scores were in general twice higher than interview-administered scores, regardless the recall period used. In terms of domain-specific scores, occupational physical activity scores generated by self-report were 6-7 times greater than those originated from interviews. The same trend was observed for household physical activity. Transport physical activity scores did not change according to the mode of administration. In terms of leisure-time physical activity, scores were similar except for the interviewer-administered past seven days, whose scores were lower than the other three versions of IPAQ. In conclusion, the mode of administration of IPAQ does matter; higher scores are obtained through self-report as compared to interviews, probably by misinterpretation of the instrument in self-report mode. The recall period had little effect on physical activity estimates.Keywords: physical activity, physical activity assessment, validity of tests, reproducibility of results, questionnaires Resumo--"O modo de administração faz diferença: estudo de comparação usando o IPAQ." Este estudo comparou o escore total e separado por domínios de atividade física obtidos através de quatro variações do IPAQ versão longa: (a) semana típica, administrado por entrevistador; (b) semana típica, autopreenchido; (c) últimos sete dias, administrado por entrevistador; (d) últimos sete dias, autopreenchido. A amostra incluiu 38 estudantes universitários de educação física. Os escores autopreenchidos eram, em geral, duas vezes maiores do que por entrevista, independentemente do período recordatório. No que se refere aos escores por domínios, o domínio de atividade física ocupacional autopreenchido obteve escores 6-7 vezes maiores do que os originados por entrevista. O mesmo padrão foi observado no domínio de atividades domésticas. Os escores das atividades de deslocamento não modificaram de acordo com o modo de administração. Em relação às atividades de lazer, os escores foram similares, com exceção dos últimos sete dias administrado por entrevista, que foram inferiores aos outros três. Em conclusão, pontuações mais altas são obtidas através do autopreenchimento em comparação às entrevistas, provavelmente por erro de interpretação no modo autopreenchimento. O período recordatório teve pouco efeito sobre os escores de atividade física. Palavras-chave: atividade física, avaliação da atividade física, validade dos testes, reproducibilidade dos resultados, questionáriosResumen--"El modo de administración hace diferencia: estudio comparativo utilizando el IPAQ." Este estudio comparó la pontuación total y las puntuaciones aisladas de los domínios de actividad fí...

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