The increase in the demand for seedlings of native tree species makes it important to determine their water and light requirements, which are important factors in their production, in terms of costs and time. Water use and productivity in the growth of seedlings of Dalbergia nigra (Vell.) Allemão ex Benth., Apuleia leiocarpa (Vogel) J.F. Macbr and Hymenaea courbaril L. were determined under four light levels (three shading levels and control), using a randomized block design with four replicates. Height, stem diameter, leaf area and biomass, as well as Dickson quality index (DQI) were evaluated. The seedlings were transplanted into 280-cm3 plugs, filled with substrate composed of pure biosolids, and irrigated by a drip system with automatic management. The highest total volumes applied were 3.1 L per D. nigra seedling (in 37 and 58% shading), 2.5 L per A. leiocarpa seedling (in 37% shading) and 3.8 L per H. courbaril seedling (in full sun). Growth indices, confirmed by the DQI, indicate that shading levels of 37 and 58% for D. nigra, 37% for A. leiocarpa, and full sun for H. courbaril are the most recommended. The highest volumes of irrigation promoted the greatest development of the species, in general for intermediate shading, which provided the highest values of DQI and irrigation water productivity.
Several ambitious restoration targets have been set for recovering degraded ecosystems in Brazil (21 million hectares with a legal deficit of native vegetation). The development of scientific knowledge and skilled professionals is necessary to meet this demand and is fundamental for achieving success in medium‐ and long‐term restoration. In this study, we describe the availability and profile of postgraduate courses on ecological restoration in Brazil. We surveyed 272 postgraduate programs, comprising six specific areas of concentration (forestry, soil sciences, botany, environmental engineering, ecology, and environmental science). We analyzed all selected courses in terms of location, approach (economic, social, and legal), and restoration techniques. Only 27% of the postgraduate programs analyzed offer ecological restoration courses, and 49% of these are offered in the southeast region of the country. Regions covered by nonforest ecosystems, such as Pampas, Caatinga, and Pantanal, were poorly represented. Legal aspects were considered in 51% of the courses, whereas social and economic approaches were only considered in 2.7 and 11% of the courses, respectively. Seedling planting (85%) and nucleation (68%) were the most frequently cited techniques of active restoration, and passive restoration was mentioned in 63% of the courses. Our findings highlight the need for increasing postgraduate courses in areas with nonforest ecosystems, especially due to a lack of knowledge about restoration of these areas. The incorporation of economic and social approaches is highly recommended, considering the importance of these attributes in achieving success in large‐scale restoration initiatives.
Water management and meteorological conditions during the cropping phase play an essential role in maintaining the commercial quality of cut flowers. This study evaluates water requirement, sensitivity to water deficit, and commercial quality of gladiolus ‘Amsterdam’ produced with automated irrigation in different growing periods. The experimental design was in randomized blocks with five replicates and consisted of the growing period factors (winter/spring 2018 and autumn/winter 2019) and the irrigation level factors (45% - L1, 60% - L2, 80% - L3, and 100% - L4 of crop water requirement). An automatic irrigation controller was used for irrigation management. At the harvest point, we evaluated the stems for the diameter, number of flowers, spike length, and floral stem length. We also evaluated stomatal conductance, leaf area, and duration of phenological phases on degree-days. The application of 100% crop water requirement using an automatic irrigation controller in the autumn/winter cycle results in better commercial classification. The treatment with 45% of the crop water requirement extended the total duration of the cycle. In conclusion, flower stems of better commercial classification are obtained with 100% of crop water requirement during the autumn/winter cycle.
The lack of information regarding the water requirement of tree species results in water waste in the seedlings production in nurseries. Water requirement, the growth plant factors and water efficiencies for height and diameter were determined for Schizolobium parahyba (Vell.) Blake, Cytharexylum myrianthum Cham. and Ceiba speciosa Ravenna seedlings, under automated irrigation management and greenhouse conditions, located at 22 o 45’53” S and 43 o 41’50” W. We used sewage sludge biosolids as substrate in the seedling phase (280 cm -3 tube), and sandy soil material in the initial pot growth phase (18 dm -3 pot). In the seedlings phase, four water replacement levels were applied to the substrate, by drip irrigation, corresponding to average replacement ranging from 40 (V1) to 100% (V4) of the species water requirement. Seedlings developed properly and 80 days after emergence, S . parahyba , C . myrianthum and C . speciosa seedlings received, respectively, 2.40, 1.08 and 0.85 L per plant, for V4. After growth phase (230 DAE), the total water volumes were, respectively, 70.0, 50.3 and 52.7 L per plant. Under adequate water supply, there were rapid recovery and growth of the species, even for the seedlings which showed different height and diameter in the tube phase. The growth plant factors values found were below 0.5 for all species indicating low sensitivity to growth, both in height and in diameter, in response to water deficit. Water efficiency indicators point to distinct trends between the two phases, and C . speciosa has higher values of water efficiencies for height (80.7 and 17.0 cm L -1 ) and diameter (2.1 and 0.5 mm L -1 ) in both phases.
Altas temperaturas do ar, associadass à tipologia aberta e sem isolamento térmico dos alojamentos para animais ainda constituem grave problema para seu desempenho produtivo. Neste sentido, os sistemas de acondicionamento de ambientes usuais nas atividades de produção animal brasileira geralmente fazem uso de processos de resfriamento adiabático evaporativo do ar, utilizando painéis de material poroso umedecido, associado aos sistemas de ventilação em modo túnel. Diante do exposto, este trabalho teve como objetivo comparar a eficiência de placas porosas em argila expandida (cinasita) em relação às do painel de celulose (testemunha) para todas as condições de temperaturas e velocidades das correntes de ar. Foram usados painéis em três espessuras (6 cm, 8,5 cm e 10 cm) e em duas granulometrias, denominadas de granulometria 1 (referência à brita 1) e granulometria 2 (referência à brita 2). Os resultados obtidos foram interpretados com testes de hipóteses de duas médias. Foram encontrados melhores valores de eficiência para os painéis em granulometria 1 em relação à granulometria 2. Também foi verificado bom desempenho para o painel evaporativo de 10 cm de espessura quando a granulometria da argila era a 2.Palavras-chave: resfriamento evaporativo, painel evaporativo, eficiência de resfriamento, granulometria.
Fluvial marine plains harbor environments with reduced declivity, but with different environmental attributes that may be relevant ecosystem services in their watersheds, which can be transformed into opportunities for the development of environmental services payments. This study digitally spatialized part of the ecosystem services related to water availability in the microbasins of the Guandu Basin Hydrographic Basin, the main source of water supply for the metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro, based on geo-environmental factors and the effects of transposition of watersheds, in order to facilitate the formulation of public policies regarding environmental services. The excerpts with the highest potential for producing environmental services from subsurface water flows, Topographic Wetness Index-ITU (ITU > 11), flat formation and low altimetry (< 40 m), are close to the old silted thalwegs, which can be potentialized by the effects of transposition, notably in the APA Guandu conservation unit. These areas should be prioritized in public and private water systems’ preservation programs. The areas near the transposition canals feature environmental services that depend directly on the transposition, and may be subject to management, as found in Guandu conservation unit. Flat areas with (7<ITU< 11) have their ecosystem services transferred from subsurface water flows to surface water flows and are dependent more on meteorological phenomena and on ways to manage heavy rain showers through their use, especially as altimetry and slope increase.
O apelo ambiental à redução de gases nocivos ao meio ambiente vem gerando uma adaptação aos meios de produção e a criação de novos modelos. Objetivou - se com o estudo monitorar a concentração de amônia, em um galpão experimental para frangos de corte, localizado no Departamento de Zootecnia da UFV, com 800 aves distribuídas em 40 boxes, sendo 20 aves em cada boxe, submetidas a cinco diferentes rações, que constituíram os tratamentos e 4 repetições. T1 - Ração com elevado nível de proteína e suplementação mínima de aminoácidos; T2 – Ração baseada no conceito de proteína ideal; T3 - T1 com suplementação de Fitase; T4 - T1 com suplementação de minerais orgânicos e; T5 combinação dos tratamentos T2, T3 e T4. O Monitoramento da concentração de amônia nos diferentes tratamentos foi realizado com sensor eletroquímico da marca Quest, modelo Safecheck 100. As maiores concentrações de amônia foram detectadas nas últimas semanas antes do abate, em função do desenvolvimento das aves. Maiores níveis foram encontrados no T1 e menores níveis de nos T2 e T5. Os tratamentos, compostos de proteína ideal (T2 e T5), que ofereceram um melhor perfil aminoacídico, favoreceram a redução da perda de nitrogênio, o que reduziu a produção de ácido úrico na cama e, conseqüentemente, a emissão de amônia no galpão. A adição da fitase e minerais orgânicos aumentaram a disponibilidade da proteína para o organismo do animal. A concentração máxima de amônia recomendada internamente às instalações é de 20 ppm, sendo assim, em nenhum dos tratamentos observou-se níveis médios superiores aos limites permitidos para os animais.
The lack of information regarding the water requirement of tree species promotes water waste in the seedlings production in nurseries. Water requirement, the growth plant factors and water efficiencies for height and diameter were determined for Schizolobium parahyba (Vell.) Blake, Cytharexylum myrianthum Cham. and Ceiba speciosa Ravenna seedlings, under greenhouse conditions and automated irrigation management. We used sewage sludge biosolids as substrate in the seedling phase (280 cm-3 tube), and sandy soil material in the initial pot growth phase (18 dm-3 pot). In the seedlings phase, four water replacement levels were applied to the substrate, by drip irrigation, meaning average replacement ranging from 40 (V1) to 100% (V4) of species water requirement. Seedlings developed properly and 80 days after emergency, S. parahyba, C. myrianthum and C. speciosa seedlings received, respectively, 2.40, 1.08 and 0.85 L per plant, for V4. After growth phase (230 DAE), the total water volumes were, respectively, 70.0, 50.3 and 52.7 L per plant. Under adequate water supply, there were rapid recovery and growth of the species, even for the seedlings which showed different height and diameter in the tube phase. The growth plant factors values found were below 0.5 for all species indicating low sensibility to growth, both in height and in diameter, in response to water deficit. Water efficiency indicators point to distinct trends between the two phases, and C. speciosa present higher values of water efficiencies for height (80.7 and 17.0 cm L-1) and diameter (2.1 and 0.5 mm L-1) in both phases.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
334 Leonard St
Brooklyn, NY 11211
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.