In the modern era, structural health monitoring (SHM) is critically important and indispensable in the aerospace industry as an effective measure to enhance the safety and consistency of aircraft structures by deploying a reliable sensor network. The deployment of built-in sensor networks enables uninterrupted structural integrity monitoring of an aircraft, providing crucial information on operation condition, deformation, and potential damage to the structure. Sustainable and durable piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENGs) with good flexibility, high performance, and superior reliability are promising candidates for powering wireless sensor networks, particularly for aerospace SHM applications. This research demonstrates a self-powered wireless sensing system based on a porous polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)-based PENG, which is prominently anticipated for developing auto-operated sensor networks. Our reported porous PVDF film is made from a flexible piezoelectric polymer (PVDF) and inorganic zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles. The fabricated porous PVDF-based PENG demonstrates ∼11 times and ∼8 times enhancement of output current and voltage, respectively, compared to a pure PVDF-based PENG. The porous PVDF-based PENG can produce a peak-to-peak short-circuit current of 22 μA, a peak-to-peak open-circuit voltage of 84.5 V, a peak output power of 0.46 mW , and a peak output power density of 41.02 μW/cm2 (P/A). By harnessing energy from minute vibrations, the fabricated porous PVDF-based PENG device (area of A = 11.33 cm2) can generate sufficient electrical energy to power up a customized wireless sensing and communication unit and transfer sensor data every ∼4 min. The PENG can generate sufficient electrical energy from an automobile car vibration, which reflects the scenario of potential real-life SHM systems. We anticipate that this high-performance porous PVDF-based PENG can act as a reliable power source for the sensor networks in aircraft, which minimizes potential safety risks.
Piezoelectric charge coefficient (d33) and piezoelectric voltage coefficient (g33) are the two most critical parameters that define output performance of piezoelectric nanogenerators (PNGs). Herein, we propose a vacancy-ordered double perovskite of TMCM2SnCl6 (where TMCM is trimethylchloromethyl ammonium) with a large d33 of 137 pC/N and g33 of 980 ×10 -3 V•m/N. The 5 Piezoelectric nanogenerators (PNGs) have been emerging as a promising power source for self-1 powered electronics owing to their direct power conversion from mechanical to electrical energy. [1][2][3][4][5] To maximize the output power of PNGs, both the d33 and g33 of the piezoelectric host are 3 important, which determines the output current (Isc=(d33×ΔF)/Δt, where ΔF is the applied force and Δt is the time) and voltage (Voc=g33×ΔP×L, where ΔP is the applied pressure and L is the original film thickness), respectively. [6][7][8][9] In the past decade, a wide range of piezoelectric materials, targeting high g33 or d33, have been synthesized for the efficient PNGs. For example, the organic polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) possesses a high g33 (~286 ×10 -3 V•m/N), leading to a high output piezoelectric voltage. Unfortunately, the resultant current is limited due to its relatively-low d33 (~30 pC/N). [10][11][12][13] Conversely, inorganic perovskite oxide ceramics, including PbZrxTi1-xO3 (PZT) and BaTiO3 (BTO), exhibit a high d33 (>100 pC/N) but their g33 is rather low (~20 ×10 -3 V•m/N). [14][15][16][17][18] Considering the relation between d33 and g33 (g33=d33/(ε0×εr)), where εr is material relative 12
A high-performance perovskite/polymer piezoelectric nanogenerator for next generation self-powered wireless micro/nanodevices.
Classification of device structures and applications of self-powered ultraviolet photodetectors.
Halide perovskite materials have been recently recognized as promising materials for piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENGs) due to their potentially strong ferroelectricity and piezoelectricity. Here, we report a new method using a poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) polymer to achieve excellent long-term stable black γ-phase CsPbI 3 and explore the piezoelectric performance on a CsPbI 3 @PVDF composite film. The PVDF-stabilized black-phase CsPbI 3 perovskite composite film can be stable under ambient conditions for more than 60 days and over 24 h while heated at 80 °C. Piezoresponse force spectroscopy measurements revealed that the black CsPbI 3 /PVDF composite contains well-developed ferroelectric properties with a high piezoelectric charge coefficient ( d 33 ) of 28.4 pm/V. The black phase of the CsPbI 3 -based PVDF composite exhibited 2 times higher performance than the yellow phase of the CsPbI 3 -based composite. A layer-by-layer stacking method was adopted to tune the thickness of the composite film. A five-layer black-phase CsPbI 3 @PVDF composite PENG exhibited a voltage output of 26 V and a current density of 1.1 μA/cm 2 . The output power can reach a peak value of 25 μW. Moreover, the PENG can be utilized to charge capacitors through a bridge rectifier and display good durability without degradation for over 14 000 cyclic tests. These results reveal the feasibility of the all-inorganic perovskite for the design and development of high-performance piezoelectric nanogenerators.
Despite advances in the development of individual nanogenerators, the level of output energy generation must be increased to meet the demands of commercial electronic systems and to broaden their scope of application. To harvest lowfrequency ambient mechanical energy more efficiently, we proposed a highly integrated hybridized piezoelectric−triboelectric−electromagnetic (tristate) nanogenerator in a uniaxial structure. In its highly integrated approach, a piezoelectric nanogenerator (PENG) based on CsPbBr 3 (cesium lead bromide) nanoparticles (NPs) and poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) nanocomposite was fabricated on a triboelectrically negative nanostructured polyimide (PI) substrate. A cylindrical aluminum electrode grooved with permanent magnets was directed to move along a spring-less metallic guide bounded by these nanocomposites, thus essentially forming two single-electrode mode triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs). By its optimized material design and novel integration approach of the PENGs, TENGs, and electromagnetic generators (EMGs), this uniaxial tristate hybrid nanogenerator (UTHNG) can synergistically produce an instantaneous electrical power of 49 mW at low-frequency ambient vibration (5 Hz). The UTHNG has excellent charging characteristics, ramping up the output voltage of a 22 μF capacitor to 2.7 V in only 12 s, which is much faster than individual nanogenerators. This work will be a superior solution for harvesting low-frequency ambient energies by improving the performance of hybrid nanogenerators, potentially curtailing the technology gap for self-powered micro/nanosystems for the Internet of Things.
Regulating the strain of inorganic perovskites has emerged as a critical approach to control their electronic and optical properties. Here, an alternative strategy to further control the piezoelectric properties by substituting the halogen atom (I/Br) in the CsPbX3 perovskite (X = Cl, Br) structure is adopted. A series of piezoelectric materials with excellent piezoelectric coefficients (d33) are unveiled. Iodine‐incorporated CsPbBr2I demonstrates the record intrinsic piezoelectric response (d33 ≈47 pC N−1) among all inorganic metal halide perovskites. This leads to an excellent electrical output power of ≈ 0.375 mW (24.8 µW cm−2 N−1) in the piezoelectric energy generator (PEG) which is higher than those of the pristine/mixed perovskite references with CsPbX3 (X = I, Br, Cl). With its structural phase remaining unchanged, the strained CsPbBr2I retains its superior piezoelectricity in both thin film and nanocrystal powder forms, further demonstrating its repeatability and versatility of applications. The origin of high piezoelectricity is found to be due to halogen‐induced anisotropic lattice strain in the unit‐cell along the c‐axis, and octahedral distortion. This study reveals an avenue to design new piezoelectric materials by modifying their halide constituents and paves the way to design efficient PEGs for improved electromechanical energy conversion.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.