Poly(vinylidene fluoride)-Stabilized Black γ-Phase CsPbI₃ Perovskite for High-Performance Piezoelectric Nanogenerators

Abstract

Halide perovskite materials have been recently recognized as promising materials for piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENGs) due to their potentially strong ferroelectricity and piezoelectricity. Here, we report a new method using a poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) polymer to achieve excellent long-term stable black γ-phase CsPbI 3 and explore the piezoelectric performance on a CsPbI 3 @PVDF composite film. The PVDF-stabilized black-phase CsPbI 3 perovskite composite film can be stable under ambient conditions for more than 60 days and over 24 h while heated at 80 °C. Piezoresponse force spectroscopy measurements revealed that the black CsPbI 3 /PVDF composite contains well-developed ferroelectric properties with a high piezoelectric charge coefficient ( d 33 ) of 28.4 pm/V. The black phase of the CsPbI 3 -based PVDF composite exhibited 2 times higher performance than the yellow phase of the CsPbI 3 -based composite. A layer-by-layer stacking method was adopted to tune the thickness of the composite film. A five-layer black-phase CsPbI 3 @PVDF composite PENG exhibited a voltage output of 26 V and a current density of 1.1 μA/cm 2 . The output power can reach a peak value of 25 μW. Moreover, the PENG can be utilized to charge capacitors through a bridge rectifier and display good durability without degradation for over 14 000 cyclic tests. These results reveal the feasibility of the all-inorganic perovskite for the design and development of high-performance piezoelectric nanogenerators.

Control of Halogen Atom in Inorganic Metal‐Halide Perovskites Enables Large Piezoelectricity for Electromechanical Energy Generation

“…Notably, in our measurements, CsPbBr 2 I shows 116%, 133%, and 275% higher d 33 than the CsPbBr 3 , CsPbI 3 , and CsbCl 3 , respectively. This measured d 33 of the CsPbBr 2 I is the highest among the scarcely reported family of piezoelectric cesium metal halide perovskites ( Figure a) [ 21,22,26,46–49 ] and the first of its kind of piezoelectric mixed‐halide type perovskites. The measured d 33 of the CsPbBr 3 in our method is 41 pC N −1 , which exhibits ≈98% similarity to the previously explored value of 40.3 pC N −1 by the PFM.…”

Aluminum impregnated zinc oxide engineered poly(vinylidene fluoride hexafluoropropylene)‐based flexible nanocomposite for efficient harvesting of mechanical energy

“…PVDF‐based nanocomposites containing nanofillers such as BaTiO 3 , 14 ZnSnO 3 , 15 FAPbBr 3 , 7 RGO:Fe, 16 PZT, 17 Ce 3+/ graphene, 18 and graphene‐silver 19 were utilized to obtain improved output performance of NG. For instance, A BaTiO 3 @PVDF‐TRFE‐based PZEH with a maximum output voltage of ~59.5 V and current of 6.52 μA has been reported by Cho et al 20 In addition to that, Zhu et al have fabricated a five layer black phase CsPbI 3 @PVDF composite which exhibited a voltage output of ~26 V with current density 1.1 μA/cm 2 and power of ~25 μW 21 . A significantly enhanced value of output voltage has been reported by Muduli et al (output voltage ~83 V, short circuit current of 1.62 μA, and maximum instantaneous power density 142 mW m −2 ) using flexible PVDF‐[0.67(BiFeO 3 )‐0.33(BaTiO 3 )]‐based PZEH 22 .…”

“…For instance, A BaTiO 3 @PVDF-TRFE-based PZEH with a maximum output voltage of $59.5 V and current of 6.52 μA has been reported by Cho et al 20 In addition to that, Zhu et al have fabricated a five layer black phase CsPbI 3 @PVDF composite which exhibited a voltage output of $26 V with current density 1.1 μA/cm 2 and power of $25 μW. 21 A significantly enhanced value of output voltage has been reported by Muduli et al (output voltage $83 V, short circuit current of 1.62 μA, and maximum instantaneous power density 142 mW m À2 ) using flexible PVDF-[0.67 (BiFeO 3 )-0.33(BaTiO 3 )]-based PZEH. 22 They also fabricated PVDF-ZnSnO 3 -MoS 2 -based nanocomposite, which can produce an open-circuit voltage of 26 V, short circuit current of 0.5 μA, and an instantaneous power density and 28.9 mW m À2 , respectively.…”

Understanding the role of Tris(2-aminoethyl)amine in stabilizing mixed-cation perovskites under humid and thermal stress conditions

“…27 a-CsPbI 3 which is a photoactive phase is stable only at temperatures above 320 1C and transforms to the photoactive g-CsPbI 3 phase when quenched to room temperature in an inert atmosphere. [28][29][30][31][32][33][34] However, a-CsPbI 3 transforms abruptly to the non-photoactive d-CsPbI 3 on exposure to atmospheric moisture. 22,35,36 Therefore, a-CsPbI 3 is more sensitive to atmospheric moisture, which renders it unsuitable for photovoltaic applications.…”