Achieving Ultrahigh Piezoelectricity in Organic–Inorganic Vacancy-Ordered Halide Double Perovskites for Mechanical Energy Harvesting

Abstract

Piezoelectric charge coefficient (d33) and piezoelectric voltage coefficient (g33) are the two most critical parameters that define output performance of piezoelectric nanogenerators (PNGs). Herein, we propose a vacancy-ordered double perovskite of TMCM2SnCl6 (where TMCM is trimethylchloromethyl ammonium) with a large d33 of 137 pC/N and g33 of 980 ×10 -3 V•m/N. The 5 Piezoelectric nanogenerators (PNGs) have been emerging as a promising power source for self-1 powered electronics owing to their direct power conversion from mechanical to electrical energy. [1][2][3][4][5] To maximize the output power of PNGs, both the d33 and g33 of the piezoelectric host are 3 important, which determines the output current (Isc=(d33×ΔF)/Δt, where ΔF is the applied force and Δt is the time) and voltage (Voc=g33×ΔP×L, where ΔP is the applied pressure and L is the original film thickness), respectively. [6][7][8][9] In the past decade, a wide range of piezoelectric materials, targeting high g33 or d33, have been synthesized for the efficient PNGs. For example, the organic polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) possesses a high g33 (~286 ×10 -3 V•m/N), leading to a high output piezoelectric voltage. Unfortunately, the resultant current is limited due to its relatively-low d33 (~30 pC/N). [10][11][12][13] Conversely, inorganic perovskite oxide ceramics, including PbZrxTi1-xO3 (PZT) and BaTiO3 (BTO), exhibit a high d33 (>100 pC/N) but their g33 is rather low (~20 ×10 -3 V•m/N). [14][15][16][17][18] Considering the relation between d33 and g33 (g33=d33/(ε0×εr)), where εr is material relative 12

Piezoelectric energy harvesting of a bismuth halide perovskite stabilised by chiral ammonium cations

“…4a). [43][44][45][46] The V PP followed a periodic increasing trend with an increase in the crystallite loading in the PLA matrix up to 15 wt% and decreases upon increasing the loading to 20 wt% of 1-S. The increasing output performance with an increase in crystallite loading (up to 15 wt% of 1-S) can be attributed to the presence of interfacial polarization (generation of Maxwell-Wagner-Sillars 47 resulting in a change in dielectric constants) of 1-S with the polymer matrix.…”

Recent Advances in Organic and Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Materials for Piezoelectric Mechanical Energy Harvesting

“…More recently, Ban and co‐workers developed a vacancy‐ordered organic–inorganic double perovskite structure of TMCM 2 SnCl 6 (TMCM = trimethylchloromethylammonium), which displays a very high piezoelectric coefficient of d 33 ≈ 137 pC N ‐1 and a piezoelectric voltage coefficient g 33 ≈ 980 × 10 ‐3 Vm N ‐1 (Figure 32c–f). [ 143 ] The hybrid compound TMCM 2 SnCl 6 forms a large single crystal 1.8 cm in size. Polarization–electric field ( P–E) loop measurements of a thin film of TMCM 2 SnCl 6 displayed a well‐saturated hysteresis loop of ≈8.7 µC cm ‐2 , along with low leakage current density behavior (Figure 32d).…”

“…Reproduced with permission [142]. Copyright 2019 and Reproduced with permission [143]. Copyright 2021, American Chemical Society.…”

Metal‐Free Perovskite Piezoelectric Nanogenerators for Human–Machine Interfaces and Self‐Powered Electrical Stimulation Applications

“…[ 12 ] Therefore, various strategies including field induced lattice extension, metal substitution, halide incorporation, and organic molecule modification have been applied to improve the output performance of halide perovskite‐based PENG. [ 11 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ] However, the toxicity issue in most of the lead halide perovskite PENGs remains a challenge that should be overcome in biomedical related applications, such as cardiac pacemakers, in‐vivo blood pressure monitoring device, wound healing, and nerve restoration. [ 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ]…”