This article conceptually discussed recreational program, job satisfaction, and the relationship between both of them, the importance of recreational program and leisure satisfaction. Hence, it is essential to the organization to ensure; "does the recreational program contribute to job satisfaction?", "Does the recreational program could achieve organizational objectives?" and "what will be the contributions of running these programs?" The discussion indicates that recreational programs are known in a wide variety of forms of programs, and many published reported on the job satisfaction and recreational programs. Besides that, many fields of studies have been carried out primarily in health industries; however, lack of studies in services industries. The positive linkage of recreational and job satisfaction, and recreational and leisure satisfaction need to be proven in future research.
This paper aims to analyse factors affecting financial stress among the Bottom 40 Percent (B40) group of Malaysian households, reflecting overall financial well-being. Data were collected through questionnaires from 1008 respondents across five major regions in Malaysia. The data were analysed using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM). This study provides evidence that financial behaviour, financial vulnerability (debt and income), and locus of control (luck and self-confidence) significantly affect financial stress among B40 households. The results show a significantly positive relationship between financial stress with financial vulnerability (debt and income) and locus of control (self-confidence). On the contrary, financial behaviour and locus of control (luck) show a significant negative relationship with financial stress. The result also indicates that financial stress affects financial well-being. Overall, the findings indicate that policy-makers should invent more effective and substantial stimulus packages or other measures to reduce the financial burden on B40 households. The findings could eventually provide insights for future research to delve into the social impact of financial stress. This study also has established a valid and reliable instrument to measure financial stress involving B40 households in Malaysia that eventually reflects the financial well-being of this group of people.
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