The aim of the article is to establish the interrelation of human biological rhythms and circadian hormones producement as well as to determine their impact on the medicine usage. Materials and methods: The review and latest data analysis of scientific and medical literature were performed. Conclusions: Proceeding from the literature sources there is a firm interrelation between human biological rhythms and circadian hormones producement. Following chronotherapy principles will allow to increase effectiveness of diseases treatment, including dental ones. It will also allow to reduce dosage of prescribed medicines as well as their side effects. Prospects for a further research are to identify a clear relationship between circadian biorhythms in patients with chronic generalized periodontitis in order to increase the effectiveness of therapeutic measures.

The interrelationship of periodontal diseases and somatic diseases has a two-way aggravating character. An analysis of modern scientific literature concerning the connection between periodontal diseases and systemic diseases of the human body has been realized. To collect information for this review, a search was conducted for the scientific literature presented in three databases (Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science) for the past 2 years. Thirty-four studies, including reviews and original articles, were selected for qualitative analysis based on their relevance to the main content of this review. Numerous studies confirm the significant relationship between the severity of the course of oral inflammatory diseases, the state of its microbiome and the unfavorable prognosis of cardiovascular diseases, diseases of the respiratory system, metabolic syndrome, obesity, rheumatoid arthritis, etc. The presence of periodontitis in patients increases the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases, particularly coronary heart disease and stroke. A high prevalence of periodontal tissue diseases in people with chronic diseases of the digestive organs is noted, which is associated with a violation of all types of metabolism. Severe forms of periodontitis often coexist with diabetes of the first and second types and are considered the most frequent complications of diabetes. Recent studies have clearly substantiated the role of certain periodontal pathogenic microorganisms in the etiopathogenesis and complicated course of rheumatoid arthritis. Highly pathogenic microorganisms of the oral cavity, penetrating through the damaged epithelium of the vascular wall of the periodontal tissues into the systemic circulation, cause chronic bacteremia and affect distant organs and tissues. Since we cannot directly influence on the function of definite organs, it is advisable to prescribe not only basic periodontal treatment, but also the drugs that affect the vascular component of the inflammatory process, namely, strengthen the vascular wall and improve microcirculatory channel trophicity.

The purpose of the study is to determine the expression of the core clock genes in buccal epithelial cells of healthy people with different chronotypes. Materials and methods. Fourteen healthy volunteers with a healthy periodontium and oral mucosa (7 women and 7 men) were selected for participation in the trial. The buccal epithelium sampling was performed at 07:00 am and 07:00 pm in one day by cytological brush. The surveyed patients were examined chronotypically using the Horn-Ostberg test. The determination of the mRNA expression of the Per1, Clock, Bmal1, Cry1 genes was performed by quantitative real-time PCR. Statistical analysis was performed using two-way analysis of variance followed by Bonferroni post hoc tests. Results. Per1 expression was higher in the morning, regardless of chronotype, age, and gender. The expression of the Clock demonstrated the prevalence of the evening in both chronotypes, in both men and women. Bmal1 was better expressed in the evening, regardless of age, gender, and chronotype. The expression of Cry1 did not show statistically significant differences between the indicators. Conclusions. The evening expression of Clock was higher in people with the evening chronotype than in people with the morning chronotype. The chronotype did not show any effect on the expression of Per1, Bmal1, and Cry1. Age and sex did not show any effect on the expression of the core clock genes.