Features of the Interrelationship of Periodontal Diseases and Somatic Diseases (Literature Review)

Abstract

The interrelationship of periodontal diseases and somatic diseases has a two-way aggravating character.
 An analysis of modern scientific literature concerning the connection between periodontal diseases and systemic diseases of the human body has been realized. To collect information for this review, a search was conducted for the scientific literature presented in three databases (Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science) for the past 2 years. Thirty-four studies, including reviews and original articles, were selected for qualitative analysis based on their relevance to the main content of this review.
 Numerous studies confirm the significant relationship between the severity of the course of oral inflammatory diseases, the state of its microbiome and the unfavorable prognosis of cardiovascular diseases, diseases of the respiratory system, metabolic syndrome, obesity, rheumatoid arthritis, etc. The presence of periodontitis in patients increases the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases, particularly coronary heart disease and stroke. A high prevalence of periodontal tissue diseases in people with chronic diseases of the digestive organs is noted, which is associated with a violation of all types of metabolism. Severe forms of periodontitis often coexist with diabetes of the first and second types and are considered the most frequent complications of diabetes. Recent studies have clearly substantiated the role of certain periodontal pathogenic microorganisms in the etiopathogenesis and complicated course of rheumatoid arthritis.
 Highly pathogenic microorganisms of the oral cavity, penetrating through the damaged epithelium of the vascular wall of the periodontal tissues into the systemic circulation, cause chronic bacteremia and affect distant organs and tissues. Since we cannot directly influence on the function of definite organs, it is advisable to prescribe not only basic periodontal treatment, but also the drugs that affect the vascular component of the inflammatory process, namely, strengthen the vascular wall and improve microcirculatory channel trophicity.