Objective: To investigate the prevalence of selected micronutrient deficiencies amongst anaemic adolescent schoolgirls in rural Bangladesh and to examine their relationship with haemoglobin (Hb) levels. Design: A cross-sectional study. Setting: Girls' high schools in rural areas of Dhaka District in Bangladesh. Subjects and methods: Three hundred and ten anaemic adolescent girls aged 14-18 years from eight schools participated in the study. Information on personal characteristics and food habits were collected by interview. Parents were asked about their socio-economic conditions. Anthropometric data and blood samples were collected following the interview. Results: Twenty-eight per cent of the girls had depleted iron stores (serum ferritin o12.0 mg/l), 25% had folic acid deficiency (red blood cell folic acid o317 nmol/l), 89% had vitamin B 2 (erythrocyte glutathione reductase activity coefficient X1.4) and 7% had vitamin B 12 deficiencies (serum vitamin B 12 o150 pmol/l). Although the prevalence of vitamins A and C deficiency was very low, a significant proportion had low vitamin A (serum retinol between 0.70 and o1.05 mmol/l) and vitamin C status (plasma ascorbic acid between 11.4-23.0 mmol/l). Frequency of consumption of meat, serum ferritin and vitamin B 2 status were found to be strongly related to Hb by multiple regression analysis. For 1 mg/l change in serum ferritin, there was a 0.13 g/l change in Hb when adjusted for other factors. Conclusions: There is coexistence of micronutrient deficiencies among anaemic adolescent girls in rural Bangladesh, although they do not suffer from energy deficiency. Of all micronutrients, only iron and vitamin B 2 concentrations were found to be related to the Hb concentration.
Introduction: Hirsutism is in fact unwanted growth of hairs on the various parts of body of females. Hairs arises particularly on those parts of the body on which hairs are not grown normally in females such as chin, upper lips, abdomen, legs, shoulder and back of the body. Various reasons are reported till so far for the hirsutism development. The prevalence of hirsutism was very low. Methodology: Across-sectional study was conducted at tertiary care hospital of Sindh, Pakisan for the period of 06 months. A well structured questionnaire was developed comprises on three parts. Which was given to the female students and all the participants were guided regarding filling of that proforma and Ferriman-Gallway scale was used to measure the frequency parameters of Hirsutism. Results: The condition of hirsutism was found among 183 participants, the distribution of hairs was quite different in all selected study subjects. 26 females had hairs on chin, 154 females had hair grown on upper lips, 24 females had hairs on lower abdomen, 13 had hairs on upper abdomen, 11 participants had hairs on arms and legs whereas only 04 girls had hair grown on their shoulders and back of the body. As far as their family background is concern 41 females were belongs to upper class, 117 females belongs to middle class while 25 females were belonging to lower class families. Conclusion: The prevalence of hirsutism was very much common among the females with the associated condition of Idiopathic hirsutism (53%), pulmonary chronic obstructive diseases (31.5%) and Acanthosis nigricans was the most widely recognized cutaneous finding related with hirsutism.
A fast, simple and valued method is developed to observe the quality and quantity of different pharmaceutical brands of cefixime. A spectrophotometric method has been developed for analysis of cefixime (CFX) by reacting with 4-dimethylamino benzaldehyde (DAB) as derivatizing agent. The molar absorptivity of CFX-DAB, newly synthesized derivative was calculated as 3.2 x 105 L.mole-1cm-1 and λ maximum was 393 nm. The calibration curve was developed in range of 5-25 µg.mL-1as this concentration followed beers law. The derivatization reaction is stable and didn’t show any difference in absorbance with radiation interaction for up to one day. The percentage recovery of CFX was checked and calculated in different pharmaceuticals was within 95 to 99.5% with RSD value calculated in between RSD 0.69-0.96% (n=3), respectively. This newly developed and validated procedure was proved to be accurate and precise for the analysis of CFX. This method was successfully applied to check amount of CFX from 7 different brands of pharmaceutical preparations commercially available in Pakistan.
The blood pressure is the driven force by which blood moves in a direction against the walls of arteries as it derived by the heart. Normal blood pressure has specific range while an individual with blood pressure towards lower range is very common ailment that is called in medical science as hypotension. In association with these majorities of the people including health science students consider hypotension as an illness which once diagnosed needs to be managed. The objective of this research study is an analysis on the familiarity of the risk factors and life style changes associated with low blood pressure among the health science students of Shaheed Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto Medical University (S.M.B.B.M.U), Larkana, Sindh, Pakistan. This descriptive cross-sectional study was proceed by enlisting health science students Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery (M.B.B.S) and Bachelor of Dental Surgery (B.D.S) of S.M.B.B.M.U Larkana, Sindh, Pakistan during September 2019 to February 2020. A total of 412 students belongs to the first Prof. to last Prof. M.B.B.S & B.D.S were categorized after the revealed of the superior command and distinctive interrogator for the complications of low blood pressure were noted. The data was analyzed on SPSS Version 24.00 statistical software after defining information in the software. 227/412 (95 M.B.B.S and 132 B.D.S students) considered low blood pressure as a sickness. The students of this institute also agreed that low blood pressure with healthy human’s presents with many complications that required proper management. The data reveals from this research study that majority of the health science students ruminated the low blood pressure as unusual physiological response of the body hence it required serious attention.
Pharmaceutical products of standard quality are very important in appropriate management of diseases. However, substandard drugs are failing to achieve the therapeutic outcomes. In this study, six brands of Captopril tables having two strengths (three brands of 50 mg, and three brands of 25 mg), were collected from local pharmacies of Sindh. Standards of United States of Pharmacopeia (USP) were used for comparison of Captopril brands. Wide ranges of physicochemical standard quality control tests of USP were performed and results were recorded. All six brands of captopril tablets met the standard of aesthetic test, and weight uniformity test, diameter test and thickness test and disintegration test in which dissolved within fifteen minutes. Four brands of captopril tablet meet the standard of hardness test, whereas two brands fails to meet the standard with average hardness in brand C25-2 (3.05 ± 0.32), and brand C25-3 (2.28 ± 0.40). Five brands of captopril tablet meet the standard of friability test whereas one brand C25-3 fail to meet the standard with average loss of 6.22%. All six brands of captopril tablet meet the standard of dissolution test and dissolved not < 80% in 20 minutes. In last all six brands of captopril tablet meet the standard of assay test and contain the captopril within 90-110%. It was concluded that all brands of Captopril tablets meet the standard of USP and are therapeutically equivalent, so Physicians can prescribe them cost-effectively and interchangeably.
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