Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) as a chronic recurrent disorder is characterized by mucosal immune response dysregulation, which is more prevalent in the youth. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) are the multipotent cells that can be effective in immune response regulation via cell-cell interaction and their secretions. In this study, the effects of ADMSCs and mesenchymal stem cell-conditioned medium (MSC-CM) were evaluated on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. Chronic colitis was induced in female C57BL/6 mice using 2% DSS in drinking water for three cycles; there were 4 days of DSS-water administration that was followed by 7 days of DSS-free water, in a cycle. ADMSCs, 10 cells per mouse, were injected intraperitoneally (IP), whereas the MSC-CM injection was also performed six times from the last day of DSS in Cycle 1. Clinical symptoms were recorded daily. The colon pathological changes, cytokine levels, and regulatory T (Treg) cell percentages were then analyzed. After receiving ADMSCs and MSC-CM in colitis mice, the clinical symptoms and disease activity index were improved and the survival rate was increased. The histopathological examination also showed tissue healing in comparison with the nontreated group. In addition, the increased level of transforming growth factor beta, increased percentage of Treg cells, increased level of interleukin (IL)-10, and decreased level of IL-17 were observed after the treatment. This study showed the regulatory effects of ADMSCs and MSC-CM on inflammatory responses. Therefore, the use of ADMSCs and MSC-CM can be introduced as a new and effective therapeutic approach for patients with colitis.
Effect of polymorphic variants of growth hormone (GH), β lactoglobulin (β LG), and Pit 1 genes on milk yield was analyzed in a Holstein herd. Genotypes of the cows for these genes were determined by polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR RFLP) method. Allele frequen cies were 0.884 and 0.116 for L and V variants of GH, 0.170 and 0.830 for A and B variants of Pit 1, and 0.529 and 0.471 for A and B variants of β LG, respectively. GLM procedure of SAS software was used to test the effects of these genes on milk yield. Results indicated significant effects of these genes on milk yield (P < 0.05). Cows with LL genotype of GH produced more milk than cows with LV genotype (P < 0.05). Also, for Pit 1 gene, animals with AB genotype produced more milk than BB genotype (P < 0.05). In the case of β LG gene, milk yield of animals with AA genotype was more than BB genotype (P < 0.01). Therefore, it might be concluded that homozygote genotypes of GH (LL) and β LG (AA) were superior compared to heterozygote genotypes, whereas, the heterozygote genotype of Pit 1 gene (AB) was desirable.
Surface plasmon resonance effect of gold nanostructures makes them good candidates for photothermal therapy (PTT) application. Herein, gold-ferrite nanocomposite (GFNC) was synthesized and characterized as a photothermal agent in PTT. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of GFNC upon laser irradiation on treatment of cancer in mice bearing melanoma cancer. Thirty mice received 1.5 × 10(6) B16/F10 cells subcutaneously. After 1 week, the mice bearing solid tumor were divided into four groups: control group (without any treatment), laser group (received laser irradiation without GFNC injection), GFNC group (only received intratumorally GFNC), and GFNC + laser group (received intratumorally GFNC upon laser irradiation). In GFNC + laser group, 200 μL of fluid, 1.3 × 10(-7) mol L(-1) gold nanoparticles, was injected intratumorally and immediately the site of tumor was exposed to continuous wave diode laser beam (808 nm, 1.6 W cm(-2)) for 15 min. All mice but four were euthanized 24 h after treatment to compare the necrotic surface area histologically by using measuring graticule. Statistical analyses revealed significant differences in necrosis extent for GFNC + laser group, compared to other groups. Four subjects (control group and GFNC + laser group, two mice each) were kept for longitudinal study. Histological analyses and tumor volume measurements of the four subjects indicated that tumor in GFNC + laser group was controlled appropriately. It was concluded that combining an 808-nm laser at a power density of 1.6 W cm(-2) with GFNC has a destruction effect in melanoma cancer cells in an animal model.
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