Background: Warthin's tumor is a benign monomorphic adenoma with unclear origin that almost occur exclusively in the parotid gland. Etiology of Warthin's tumor as well as its malignant potential are still unclear. Therefore immunohistochemical assessment of Warthin's tumor may be useful to detect its origin or its malignant transformation potential.
Background
Little is known about the epidemiology of lymphomas occurring in oral and para-oral sites, especially in developing countries such as Egypt. Hence, the aim of this study was to describe the frequency and time trends of oral and para-oral lymphomas in Cairo governorate from 2010 to 2019, with forecasting to 2030, and to examine relations between age, gender, site and type of lymphoma.
Methods
Histopathological reports of patients diagnosed with oral and para-oral lymphomas from 2010 to 2019 were retrospectively retrieved from archives of six different centers in Cairo governorate. Data regarding age, gender and site was collected and associations between types of lymphoma and these variables were detected using appropriate statistical methods. The significance level was set at p ≤ 0.05. Time series analysis was used to determine the trend of lymphoma frequency within 10 years of the study and to predict frequency until 2030.
Results
Lymphomas constituted 2.86% of oral and para-oral lesions. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma was more common than Hodgkin lymphoma. Patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma showed a higher median age than patients with Hodgkin lymphoma (p = 0.001). Non-Hodgkin lymphoma was more prone to occur intra-orally (p = 0.014). No statistical significance was observed in gender distribution between Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Even though no specific time trend was observed from 2010 to 2019, forecasting for frequency of lymphomas through 10 years (2020 to 2030) showed a predicted increase.
Conclusions
The findings of this study were consistent with majority of other studies held in various geographic regions. The study revealed that frequency of oral and para-oral lymphomas in Cairo governorate is expected to rise; hence, oral pathologists should be more clinically suspicious and expect to encounter these lesions more in their practice within the upcoming years.
Background:
Various phenolic phytochemical extracts have been claimed to exhibit different types
of biological activity, including anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative and anti-carcinogenic activity. Carnosol and
carnosic acid, extracts of rosemary, are among these phenolic compounds.
Materials and Methods:
CHARMm-based molecular docking was performed to estimate the possible molecular
interactions of both carnosic acid and carnosol with the COX-2 active binding site. An MTT assay was used to
evaluate HEp-2 cell viability after incubation for 48 hours with low or high concentrations of carnosol, carnosic
acid or their combination. The levels of COX-2 were measured in cell lysate by the quantitative indirect ELISA
technique.
Results:
Docking revealed favourable negative binding energies as well as binding interactions of both carnosic
acid and carnosol within the binding site of the COX-2 receptor. Carnosic acid showed more favourable binding
potential than carnosol. One-way ANOVA and Bonferroni’s post hoc tests revealed significant differences in
cytotoxicity among cells treated with different concentrations of the rosemary extracts (P< 0.001). ELISA revealed
significant reductions in COX-2 protein levels in HEp-2 cells treated with either carnosic acid (-1.42-
fold) or carnosol (-3.16-fold) compared to control cells.
Conclusion:
Both rosemary extracts, carnosol and carnosic acid, exert potential cytotoxic effects on the HEp-2
cell line via inhibition of the COX-2 pathway. The combination of carnosol and carnosic acid exerts a stronger
cytotoxic effect than either compound alone.
Cells undergo autophagy to save themselves from injury, but progressive autophagy can cause cell death. This study characterized and compared the effect of grape (resveratrol) and tomato (lycopene) extracts and their combination on modulating autophagy-related miRNA and its target gene in squamous cell carcinoma cell line. Docking analysis for extracts and selected genes was performed. Methyl Thiazol Tetrazolium assays were used to assess the cytotoxicity of extracts and their combination toward HEp-2 cells. qRT-PCR was used to quantify changes in gene expression. Data were statistically analyzed. miRNA-20a was identified as a potential effector in laryngeal cancer, and sequestosome-1 (SQSTM1) was its target gene. Docking analysis showed that resveratrol interacted with miRNA-20a and showed less affinity toward SQSTM1. Hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions were predicted. In contrast, lycopene showed less affinity toward miRNA-20a than resveratrol. Increasing doses of resveratrol, lycopene, and their combination induced a statistically significant reduction in mean percent viability and mean fold changes of miRNA-20a and SQSTM1 expression in treated HEp-2 cells. Pearson’s correlation showed a statistically significant positive correlation between miRNA-20a and SQSTM1 (R=0.812, p≤0.001). Grape and tomato extracts and their combination display promising cytotoxicity against HEp-2 cells in a dose- and time-dependent fashion. Both extracts reduce the expression of miRNA-20a and SQSTM1 with subsequent inhibition autophagy and promotion of apoptosis in HEp-2 cells.
Aim:The aim of this study was to identify the prevalence of the primary non-odontogenic maxillofacial bone and cartilage tumors.
Methodology:Clinical data and histopathological diagnoses of primary non-odontogenic maxillofacial bone and cartilage tumors, diagnosed between January 2010 and December 2019, were collected from the histopathological reports of Cairo governorate's educational hospitals and institutions.Results: Out of 11,444 archival reports -found in the maxillofacial bones and paranasal sinuses-collected from the mentioned study centers, 186 were reported as non-odontogenic maxillofacial bone and cartilage tumors, yielding a 1.63% prevalence. Osteosarcoma was the most common lesion, followed by chondrosarcoma and osteoma, respectively. Females were found to be more prone to the investigated tumors.
Conclusion:The non-odontogenic maxillofacial bone and cartilage tumors represent 1.63% in Cairo governorate. Demographic variations were seen in some of the tumors studied, which differed from the literature; however, osteosarcoma was found to be the most prevalent lesion, accounting for over half of the lesions studied.
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