Introduction: Hepatitis can be defined as inflammation of the liver. Hepatitis may be acute or chronic. It is estimated that in 2017, approximately 15 million people suffered from Hepatitis in Pakistan suffering from hepatitis. 150–200 million people, or approximately ~3% of the world's population, are living with chronic Hepatitis C. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 300 patients selected by purposive sampling who were reported with Hepatitis-C and co infection of Hepatitis-C + Hepatitis-B, at a tertiary care hospital Gambat. A series of questions were asked from reported patients regarding symptoms and compliance. Results: The results were analyzed by using SPSS-22. Among the 300 patients some were on sofosbuvir (n=150, 50%), which the others were on interferon (n=150, 50%). The findings showed that most of the patients on interferon were non-compliant (n=125,83.3%), and only (n=25, 16.7%) are compliant. Among non-compliant factors, fear from injection was reported in (n=42, 33.6), technique for injection (n=38, 30.4%), prolong duration of action (n=35, 28%), adverse drug reaction (n=26, 20.8%). Better compliance was observed with sofosbuvir (n=93, 62.8%) and non-compliant were (57, 38%). Conclusion: This study concluded that better compliance was achieved with sofosbuvir as compared to interferon, rate of ADR’S were also less with sofosbuvir.

Objective: The purpose of this study to observe the impact of flood on the prevalence of water borne disease. Methodology: A cross sectional observational study was conducted from July 2022 to September 2022 in flood affected areas of district Khairpur Mirs, Pakistan. The study was conducted on 910 patients after taking informed consent. Results: In this study 61% patients were males, 36% were female whereas only 3% participants were transgender. Majority of the patients belongs to rural areas while few belong to urban areas. Majority of the patients were of 01 to 10 years of age while only 43 patients were of age from 71- 80 years. Disease wise 397 case were of malaria, 156 patients were of diarrhea, 75 patients were of dysentery, 66 cases were of cholera, 89 cases were of typhoid fever, 76 cases were of skin diseases, 51 cases were of hepatitis. By keeping in view policy makers can take serious steps to treat the residents of district as well as took preventive measure to rescue the residents of district Khairpur Mirs. Conclusion: This study concludes that due to flood water accumulation water borne diseases increased. Among whole diseases malaria was on top with 44%, diarrhea was on second number with 17% while typhoid was on third number with 10% cases Keywords: Prevalence, Water borne diseases, Flood, Malaria, Diarrhea, Dysentery, Cholera, Typhoid fever, Skin diseases, Hepatitis.

Introduction: Hirsutism is in fact unwanted growth of hairs on the various parts of body of females. Hairs arises particularly on those parts of the body on which hairs are not grown normally in females such as chin, upper lips, abdomen, legs, shoulder and back of the body. Various reasons are reported till so far for the hirsutism development. The prevalence of hirsutism was very low. Methodology: Across-sectional study was conducted at tertiary care hospital of Sindh, Pakisan for the period of 06 months. A well structured questionnaire was developed comprises on three parts. Which was given to the female students and all the participants were guided regarding filling of that proforma and Ferriman-Gallway scale was used to measure the frequency parameters of Hirsutism. Results: The condition of hirsutism was found among 183 participants, the distribution of hairs was quite different in all selected study subjects. 26 females had hairs on chin, 154 females had hair grown on upper lips, 24 females had hairs on lower abdomen, 13 had hairs on upper abdomen,  11 participants had hairs on arms and legs whereas only 04 girls had hair grown on their shoulders and back of the body. As far as their family background is concern 41 females were belongs to upper class, 117 females belongs to middle class while 25 females were belonging to lower class families. Conclusion: The prevalence of hirsutism was very much common among the females with the associated condition of Idiopathic hirsutism (53%), pulmonary chronic obstructive diseases (31.5%) and Acanthosis nigricans was the most widely recognized cutaneous finding related with   hirsutism.

Adverse Drug Reactions are among the major problems that cause mortality and morbidity in patients worldwide. In this study, Adverse Drug Reactions with common medicines were addressed, and the knowledge of pharmacist for prescribed medicine was also evaluated before and after educating the patients by pharmacist. The duration of this study was one year from October 2016 to October 2017. A descriptive cross-sectional study was designed and completed on 150 patients admitted to the hospital's medical ward. Patients whose ages were between 18-60 years, either male or female, who reported chronic diseases and took medication for a long time were selected for the study. Children or patients having < 18 years and taking medicine for a short period were excluded from this study. Selected patients were evaluated, and results were collected. Finally, the collected data was analysed with the 21st version of IBM’s Statistical Package for Service Solutions (SPSS v23). Of 150 selected patients, 61% were male, and 39% were female. Most patients were from the 18-30 age group, i.e., 28%. 60% of the patients hail from rural areas, and 40% from an urban areas. Of the 150 patient studied, 36.7% were illiterate, and only 4.7% of patients were above intermediate. Most of the patients were working in different government and private sectors. 8% of those taking the combination of Amoxicillin+Omeprazole+Salbutamol reported side-effects, whereas minimum side effects (2.0%) with Cholorothiazide+Atenolol+ Paracetamol. Reported adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in patients were Headache (14.9%), nausea (13.8%), vomiting (10.3%), abdominal pain (12.6%), constipation (8.0%), diarrhea (10.3%), skin rashes (5.7%), loss of appetite (4.6%), dizziness (6.9%), tiredness (6.9%) and confusion (5.7%). The knowledge of patients regarding therapy was compared before and after counseling that shows increased awareness in patients after counseling the patients. Before counseling average knowledge of patients was 27.5% that increased to 50.3% after counseling. After analyzing the results, it is concluded that pharmacist counseling and providing education to patients can significantly decrease the ADRs and increase the compliance of drugs that will ultimately enhance patients' quality of life. It was recommended that the hospital should appoint the pharmacist, especially a clinical pharmacist, and Hospital administration should arrange the programs for the awareness of patients on appropriate uses of drugs and their side effects.

A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 300 patients selected by random sampling who were reported with Hepatitis-C at GIMHS. Questions were asked from patients regarding symptoms and adverse drug reactions (ADR’S). Results were analyzed by using SPSS-22. Out of total patients (n=300) the frequency of male gender was (n=192) as compared to females (n=108). Among 300 patients some patients were on sofosbuvir (n=150), patients on interferon (n=150). Rate of ADR’S observed with interferon as fever (n=28), anemia (n=27), hair loss (n=21), headache (n=19), insomnia (n= 11), nausea (n=13), depression (n=14, 09), malaise (n=25), vomiting (n=06), ulcer (n=13), pain and redness at site of injection (n=17). While rate of ADR’S in patients who were on sofosbuvir, fever (n=33), chill (n=17), nausea (n=28), anemia (n=06), headache (n=14), insomnia (n=13), loss of appetite (n=5), diarrhea (n=1). This study concluded that as compared to Interferon, rate of ADR’S were less with Sofosbuvir.