Unrealistic optimism is all around us, and it is a well documented psychological phenomenon. It has important implications in many economic and managerial contexts, yet economists, managers and policy makers still ignore it or fail to understand its characteristics. Here we investigate the psychology of over-optimism and bring to bear substantial psychological evidence that most people are prone to groundless optimism when faced with economic and management decisions. Although the policy and welfare implications of such a widespread phenomenon are vast, we argue that they have been neglected by policy makers. We end by challenging the current public policy trend of extending lending to business start-ups, on the grounds that it may create a real road to ruin.

Unrealistic optimism is a well documented phenomenon. This paper argues that it is important in many economic contexts. Focussing on start-up finance for businesses, optimism may be responsible for or consistent with features such as credit rationing or redlining that are normally taken as symptoms of under-provision of finance requiring intervention to expand lending. Optimism leads to the opposite conclusion, at least if it is legitimate to use fiscal policy to counteract systematic error. The paper reports on an experiment in which, due to optimism, the lower the prizes to entrepreneurial activity the higher the subjects income. * We are grateful to Simon Parker, Alfons Weichenrieder and an anonymous referee for very helpful comments.

Objective: to understand the perception of adolescents living in Quilombola community regarding unplanned pregnancy and its repercussions on community life. Methodology: descriptive, qualitative research using the creative and sensitive method through the dynamics of creativity and sensitivity: Shortening Distances and Body Knowledge. Participants were adolescents living in a Quilombola community in the rural area of the municipality of São Mateus, Espírito Santo (Brazil). The meetings took place at weekends, on three Sundays in December 2018. The results were organized by the Iramuteq® software and the images and narratives were developed by the content analysis method. Results: nine adolescents, catholic, single, with a family income of less than one minimum wage, living in their own home and living on subsistence agriculture participated. They have access to the public health service, which they use when they get sick. The software demonstrated that the words "pregnant" and "work" are central to their narratives. The experiences of adolescents were expressed by the following categories: Repercussion of pregnancy for adolescents in the Quilombola community; Rights of pregnant women in the community; and Behavior of families and adolescents towards pregnancy. Conclusion: the understanding of unplanned pregnancy, taking into account racial ethnic aspects, makes it possible to develop health education strategies that respect the cultural and social aspects of this community, so that the actions can be successful, which is a great challenge for the professionals involved.

Subjects who overestimate their performance in experimental tasks unrelated to travel are less willing to insure against failing in the task and also less inclined to buy travel insurance. This suggests intrinsic optimism influences insurance demand and diminishes adverse selection.

RESUMO Objetivo: relatar a experiência docente com o emprego da técnica do júri simulado no ensino da ética/bioética para a graduação em Enfermagem. Método: trata-se de um estudo descritivo, tipo relato de experiência, empregando metodologia alternativa no ensino para a graduação em saúde. Utiliza-se a técnica do júri simulado desde 2008, no 4º período, na disciplina “Interagindo com as Pessoas”. Refere-se esse relato à implementação da técnica no segundo semestre de 2018. Ocorre-se a estratégia de ensino/aprendizagem em quatro momentos distintos, sequenciais e complementares. Resultados: observou-se o envolvimento dos estudantes com a técnica do júri por meio da aplicabilidade dos conteúdos teóricos na resolução das questões discutidas com a técnica. Subsidiou-se o aprendizado com as aulas expositivo-dialogadas, que foi aprimorado e alcançado pelos próprios estudantes ao realizarem estudos complementares direcionados e colocados em prática com situações do cotidiano exposto por meio dos filmes. Conclusão: revela-se que docente e discentes aprendem a aprender, a fazer, a conviver e são sensibilizados a assumir uma postura profissional comprometida com a responsabilidade social e ética que a profissão requer. Descritores: Ensino de Enfermagem; Ética; Bioética; Aprendizagem; Estudantes; Educação Superior.ABSTRACTObjective: to report the teaching experience with the use of the simulated jury technique in ethics/bioethics teaching for the undergraduate nursing course. Method: it is a descriptive study, of experience report type, using an alternative methodology in teaching for health graduation. The simulated jury technique is used since 2008, in the 4th period, in the subject "Interacting with the People". This report refers to the implementation of the technique in the second half of 2018. The teaching/learning strategy occurs in four distinct, sequential and complementary moments. Results: the students' involvement with the jury technique was observed through the applicability of the theoretical contents in the resolution of the issues discussed with the technique. It subsidized the learning with the expository-dialoged classes, which was improved and reached by the students themselves when carrying out complementary studies directed and put into practice with daily situations exposed through the films. Conclusion: it is revealed that teachers and students learn to learn, to do, to live together and are sensitized to take a professional position committed to the social and ethical responsibility that the profession requires. Descriptors: Education; Nursing; Ethics; Bioethics; Learning; Students, Higher. RESUMENObjetivo: relatar la experiencia docente con el empleo de la técnica del jurado simulado en la enseñanza de la ética / bioética para la graduación en Enfermería. Método: se trata de un estudio descriptivo, tipo relato de experiencia, empleando metodología alternativa en la enseñanza para la graduación en salud. Se utiliza la técnica del jurado simulado desde 2008, en el 4º período, en la asignatura "Interactuando con las Personas". Se refiere este relato a la implementación de la técnica en el segundo semestre de 2018. Se produce la estrategia de enseñanza / aprendizaje en cuatro momentos distintos, secuenciales y complementarios. Resultados: se observó la participación de los estudiantes con la técnica del jurado por medio de la aplicabilidad de los contenidos teóricos en la resolución de las cuestiones discutidas con la técnica. Se apoyó el aprendizaje con las clases expositor-dialogadas, que fue perfeccionado y alcanzado por los propios estudiantes al realizar estudios complementarios dirigidos y puestos en práctica con situaciones del cotidiano expuesto por medio de las películas. Conclusión: se revela que docentes y alumnos aprenden a aprender, a hacer, a convivir y ser sensibilizados a asumir una postura profesional comprometida con la responsabilidad social y ética que la profesión requiere. Descriptores: Educación en Enfermería; Ética; Bioética; Aprendizaje; Estudiantes; Educación Superior.

3 RESUMOA depressão ocorre em portadores de DM, sendo frequentemente velada e confundida por profissionais de saúde e pelos próprios pacientes com sensações de angústia, tristeza e melancolia. Estudos mostram que a depressão pode dificultar o enfrentamento da doença. Este estudo teve como objetivo compreender como o portador de diabetes mellitus identifica e vivencia a depressão; descrever sinais e sintomas relacionando-a à vida cotidiana; e identificar os recursos de enfrentamento utilizados. Participaram diabéticos tipo 2 insulino-dependentes, acima de 50 anos acompanhados no programa do serviço de Medicina preventiva da UNIMED GV (Cooperativa de Trabalho Medico de Governador Valadares). O referencial teórico metodológico utilizado foi a história oral temática proposta por Meihy. Dados provenientes de 13 entrevistas foram analisados, os conceitos que emergiram favoreceram a identificação de três temas centrais: condições de vida da pessoa diabética influenciando na depressão, identificação da depressão e o significado da depressão para o diabético. Os sinais e sintomas de depressão indicados pelos diabéticos foram falta de apetite, medo das complicações e outras. Os colaboradores identificaram a depressão com mudanças percebidas no comportamento, melancolia, angústia, choro sem motivo aparente, perda de interesse, dificuldade de concentração, insônia e pensamento de morte. A depressão descrita esteve relacionada a sentimentos de isolamento, problemas financeiros e conjugais. O enfermeiro precisa ser capacitado para perceber e intervir precocemente na depressão, elaborar plano de cuidados efetivos e adesão ao tratamento do diabetes e da depressão a partir de programas educativos e no emprego das mais variadas alternativas terapêuticas. Palavras-chave: Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2; Depressão; Adaptação. ABSTR ACT Depression occurs in Diabetes Mellitus (DM) patients, being often cared for and mistaken by health workers and by patients themselves, as sensations of annoyance, sadness and melancholia. Studies show that depression can be a major difficulty in the coping process of the disease. The aims of this study were to understand how the DM-type 2 patient identifies and experiences depression, describing signs and symptoms present in their daily routine and identify the coping strategies used. The study sample was composed of diabetic type 2 insulin-dependent patients, over fifty years old that attended to the program Preventive Medicine Service -Unimed G. V. (Medical work Co-Operative of Governador Valadares). The methodological and theoretical reference used was the oral thematic history proposed by Meihy. Data from thirteen interviews were analized and the concepts emerged enabled the identification of three central themes: life conditions of a diabetic person that influence depression, identification of depression and the meaning of depression for a diabetic patient. Signals and symptoms of depression indicated by diabetics were: lack of appetite, irritability, fear of complications and others. The participants...

Objective: To describe and discuss the participation of adolescents from a quilombola community in the transformation of the comic “Possible Story” (“Uma História Possível”), from the Comic on alcohol, into an educational game. Method: Implementation of the creative and sensitive method of art-based research, with adolescents from a quilombola community in the state of Espírito Santo, for the development of a board game. Results: The democratic and interactive space favored the problematization of images and narratives about alcohol consumption mediated in the comic book. The group selected scenes, reordered the story, devised questions and riddles, formulated true and false assertions in a 17-card composition of the board game. The potential of the game as a content mediating tool to promote learning, reinforcement, and fixation of scientific content was evaluated. Conclusion: The active and dynamic participation of adolescents took place from conception to evaluation of the board game, encouraging them to reflect on a community context of cultural permissiveness of alcohol use.

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