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The aim of the study was to evaluate the pathogenic potential of Bacteroides pyogenes, rarely identified in clinical laboratories anaerobic bacteria. To increase the knowledge about this poorly understood anaerobic microorganism, the study also includes cases of infections described so far in the literature. Only the use of 16S rRNA sequencing and mass spectrometry technique allowed the identification of B. pyogenes from clinical specimens. We reported 13 severe human infections caused by B. pyogenes. Bacteria were cultured from the wound after biting by animals, chronic infections within the oral cavity, from patients with histologically or radiological proven osteomyelitis, surgical site infection, and from urine sample collected after a urological procedure. Most (9/13) of the patients required hospitalization. Almost 70% of them needed urgent admission via the emergency room. Two inpatients due to a life-threatening condition were admitted to the intensive care unit. Almost 50% of isolates were resistant to penicillin. All resistant to penicillin strains were isolated from skin and mucous membrane infections.

The aim of this study was to analyze the susceptibility of Bacteroides and Parabacteroides spp. strains, isolated from patients hospitalized in the clinical hospital in Poland to penicillin, amoxicillin with clavulanic acid, imipenem, clindamycin, and metronidazole. Methods: We analyzed susceptibility of 476 isolates to routinely use for the treatment of anaerobic bacterial infections antibiotics. E test method was used to determining the minimal inhibitory concentration values. To show the trend of drug resistance, we compared data from two periods within the years 2003-2017. Results: Research results indicate that the problem of resistance is mainly related to strains belonging to nonfragilis Bacteroides. In the analyzed periods, there was an increase in the percentage of clindamycin-resistant isolates (35.21% vs. 53.33%), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (2.83% vs. 8.15%), and imipenem (1.41% vs. 3.7%). In isolates belonging to Parabacteroides distasonis, we observed a constant high (*50%) percentage of clindamycin-resistant strains. The overwhelming majority of B. fragilis strains were resistant to penicillin (>95%) and about 20% of the isolates were not susceptible to clindamycin. Conclusions: Clindamycin, due to the high and increasing percentage of resistant strains, may not be a good choice in the empirical therapy of infections caused by Bacteroides and P. distasonis. Our study highlighted the importance of a routine or at least periodic monitoring of antimicrobial susceptibility of anaerobic Gramnegative bacilli, providing important information for appropriate therapy. The study shows that infection caused (or suspected of being caused) by Bacteroides and Parabacteroides spp. can be empirically treated with metronidazole or imipenem.