The system dynamics applied in this research on modeling a tourist destination (area) life cycle (TALC) contributes to understanding its behavior and the way that information feedback governs the use of feedback loops, delays and stocks and flows. On this basis, a system dynamic three-staged TALC model is conceptualized, with the number of visitors V as an indicator of the carrying capacities’ dynamics and the flow function V(t) to determine the TALC stages. In the first supply-dominance stage, the model indicated that arrivals are growing until the point of inflexion. After this point, arrivals continue growing (but with diminishing growth rates), indicating the beginning of the demand-dominance stage, ending up with the saturation point, i.e., the maximum number of visitors. The simulated TALC system dynamics model was then applied to five EU destinations (Living Labs) to explain their development along the observed period (2007–2019). The analysis revealed that all observed Living Labs reached the second lifecycle stage, with one entered as early as in 2015 and another in 2018. Lifecycle stage durations may significantly differ across the destinations, as do the policies used either to prevent stagnation or to restructure the offer to become more sustainable and resilient.
Implementation of one-stage nitritation/anammox (i.e. deammonification) for the treatment of sludge digestates allowed net energy positive operation in the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in Strass (Austria). To further optimize the overall energy efficiency a first trial to expand the deammonification process to the full-plant wastewater treatment system was performed. The effluent quality, greenhouse gas emissions, energy balance and overall CO 2 footprint before and after implementation of mainstream DEMON® were evaluated in this study after one year of operation. In the effluent, a shift from nitrate over nitrite ratios of 31 to ratios of 2 was observed. The higher nitrite levels caused higher N 2 O emissions up to 2.3% of the N load in the B-stage, increasing the overall greenhouse gas emission of the plant significantly. For the present situation with mainstream DEMON, 11% of the electricity demand in the B-stage could be saved allowing higher net energy productions. These higher energy recoveries could not totally counteract the increased N 2 O emissions, resulting in a higher CO 2 footprint of 36 kg CO 2 -eq PE -1 year -1 compared to 7 kg CO 2 -eq PE -1 year -1 before mainstream DEMON. Further optimization of the operational conditions in the mainstream will reveal if higher energy savings can be obtained at lower N 2 O emissions. First hints towards this can be given based on experimental trials carried out for this study.
In terms of a dynamic system, the state of any forest greatly depends on the respective forest management model. Commercial forests, aimed at producing timber, ought to be managed in such a way as to ensure not only the sustainability of income, but also of all the other general benefits to be yielded from such forests. In order to determine whether the current management of a forest's dynamic system complies with the principle of sustainable development, simulation modelling has been applied, including the system dynamics method. Owing to it, the state of the forest as a dynamic system upon implementing a certain management strategy can be forecast.
Abstract. This paper presents a highly formalized approach to strategy formulation and optimization of strategic performance through proper resource allocation. A stochastic quantitative model of strategic performance (SQMSP) is used to evaluate the efficiency of the strategy developed. The SQMSP follows the theoretical notions of the balanced scorecard (BSC) and strategy map methodologies, initially developed by Kaplan and Norton. Parameters of the SQMSP are suggested to be random variables and be evaluated by experts who give two-point (optimistic and pessimistic values) and three-point (optimistic, most probable and pessimistic values) evaluations. The Monte-Carlo method is used to simulate strategic performance. Having been implemented within a computer application and applied to solve the real problem (planning of an IT-strategy at the Faculty of Economics, University of Split) the proposed approach demonstrated its high potential as a basis for development of decision support tools related to strategic planning.
Purpose – touristic destinations develop over time, which is why, in order to get a comprehensive picture of their development, it is necessary to observe it's dynamics. Methodology – in this paper system dynamics methodology and of DPSIR framework will use. In order to model reasoning behind the TALC behaviour, presented research in this paper leans on TALC logistic curve. Findings – deeper analysis of the causes and/or consequences elements of destination (sub)system (supply and demand) will indicate way of affect touristic area life cycle dynamics. Contribution – better understanding of the background structure of TALC pattern behaviour may help destination managers/planners to bring appropriate policies to move destination’s sustainability towards higher level of organisation.
Background: Organisations nowadays operate in a very dynamic environment, and therefore, their ability of continuously adjusting the strategic plan to the new conditions is a must for achieving their strategic objectives. BSC is a well-known methodology for measuring performances enabling organizations to learn how well they are doing. In this paper, “BSC for IS” will be proposed in order to measure the IS impact on the achievement of organizations’ business goals. Objectives: The objective of this paper is to present the original procedure which is used to enhance the BSC methodology in planning the optimal targets of IS performances value in order to maximize the organization's effectiveness. Methods/Approach: The method used in this paper is the quantitative methodology - linear programming. In the case study, linear programming is used for optimizing organization’s strategic performance. Results: Results are shown on the example of a case study national park. An optimal performance value for the strategic objective has been calculated, as well as an optimal performance value for each DO (derived objective). Results are calculated in Excel, using Solver Add-in. Conclusions: The presentation of methodology through the case study of a national park shows that this methodology, though it requires a high level of formalisation, provides a very transparent performance calculation.
The COVID-19 pandemic interrupted the higher education improvement and highlighted the maintenance of public health as an essential priority. Due to this unexpected situation, the educational system moved from face-to-face to distance learning without prior preparations. This contingency made it possible to study the benefits of ICT tools in the educational process. Starting from the primary function of the educational process and through the forecast of future trends in education, this paper presents the guidelines for improvement of the teaching and learning processes and some opportunities for their implementation. A survey was conducted among the Faculty of Economics, Business, and Tourism students in Split, Croatia, who evaluated the acceptance of various ICT tools. Based on the obtained research results, generic strategic guidelines for the effective use of IT tools in teaching are presented, including their potential impact on accreditation criteria.
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