Based on this review, the authors suggest that there is strong evidence showing that sodium hypochlorite adversely alters the mechanical properties of root dentine, when used as an endodontic irrigant.

No abstract

These results support the conclusion that dietary sugar experience influenced the microbiological composition of dental plaque. Moreover, the early stage of caries is highly affected by mutans streptococci and visible dental plaque on maxillary incisors whereas cavities are strongly related to lactobacilli and total microorganism.

A higher number of missing teeth correlated with an inferior MP in older children. Children with a higher number of caries rated their oral health less favourably. Older females and those who broke the test material into smaller sizes were also more likely to report a worse OHRQoL, suggesting that the time allowed to reduce food appears to be a more influential factor on children' perception of oral health than their ability to break down the test material into smaller sizes. Moreover, the subjectivity of functional domain and artificial nature of chewable test material could have influenced the test sensitivity.

The presence of visible biofilm and low salivary activity of α amylase may be considered risk predictors for ECC.

Studies have shown that enamel can be modified by pulsed CO 2 laser to form a more acid-resistant substrate. This study evaluated the effects of a 10.6-μm CO 2 laser on enamel surface morphology and chemical composition as well as monitored intrapulpal temperature changes during irradiation. Human teeth were irradiated with fluences of 1.5 -11.5 J/cm 2 , and pulpal thermal as well as chemical and morphological modifications on enamel were assessed. The teeth were submitted to a pHcycling model, and the mineral loss was determined by means of cross-sectional microhardness. For all irradiated groups, intrapulpal temperature changes were below 3℃. FT -Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy indicated that fluences as low as 6.0 J/cm 2 were sufficient to induce chemical and morphological changes in enamel. Then, for fluences reaching or exceeding 10.0 J/cm 2 , laser-induced inhibitory effects on demineralization were observed. It was thus concluded that laser energy density in the range of 10.0 and 11.5 J/cm 2 could be applied to dental enamel in order to produce chemical and morphological changes and reduce the acid reactivity of enamel without compromising the pulp vitality.

The present study demonstrated that saliva of individuals under orthodontic treatment is subjected to changes in properties that have implications on the onset of ACL.

We explored the association between caries development, colonization with caries-associated microflora, and immunity as children begin the transition to mixed dentition. Forty children received dental examinations at 3–4 years of age, repeated a year later. Children were grouped into caries-free (n = 23; CF) and caries-active (n = 17; CA ≧3 new lesions on follow-up). Salivary IgA and IgA antibody to Streptococcus mutans virulence epitopes were measured by Luminex assay. Mutans streptococci (MS), lactobacilli and total microorganisms were enumerated on selective media from plaque samples. There was no significant difference in baseline levels of MS or lactobacilli between CF and CA groups. However, both MS and lactobacilli levels were higher at follow-up in the CA group. Furthermore, children with detectable lactobacilli at baseline had significantly higher caries risk. Salivary IgA concentrations increased significantly in both groups during the study. Both CF and CA groups also displayed significant increases in salivary IgA antibody levels to glucosyltransferase, glucan-binding protein (Gbp) and antigen I/II salivary binding region. CF antibody levels to seven peptides associated with domains of biological importance increased at follow-up, in contrast to increases to only three peptides in CA saliva samples. Multivariate modeling showed that a lower baseline level of salivary IgA anti-GbpB was associated with higher caries risk. These data indicate that MS and lactobacilli are associated with caries in this population, that the secretory immune system is undergoing significant maturation during this period, and that the breadth of mucosal IgA response to epitopes of S. mutans virulence components may influence the degree to which these cariogenic microorganisms can cause disease.