Chemical, Morphological and Thermal Effects of 10.6-.MU.m CO2 Laser on the Inhibition of Enamel Demineralization

Steiner‐Oliveira, Carolina; Rodrigues, Lidiany Karla Azevedo; Soares, Luís Eduardo Silva; Martin, Aírton Abrahão; Zezéll, Denise Maria; Nobre‐dos‐Santos, Marinês

doi:10.4012/dmj.25.455

Cited by 69 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…8,9,10 Furthermore, some authors have concluded that laser irradiation associated with fluoride agents 11,12 could increase the fluoride uptake into the enamel, making the enamel more acid resistant. 11,13 However, until now, there have been only a few studies 12,14,15,16 evaluating the use of CO 2 lasers to prevent dental erosion, and these studies have been inconclusive.…”

Section: Declaration Of Interestsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential of CO2 lasers (10.6 µm) associated with fluorides in inhibiting human enamel erosion

et al. 2014

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This in vitro study aimed to investigate the potential of CO 2 lasers associated with different fluoride agents in inhibiting enamel erosion. Human enamel samples were randomly divided into 9 groups (n = 12): G1-eroded enamel; G2-APF gel; G3-AmF/NaF gel; G4-AmF/SnF 2 solution; G5-CO 2 laser (λ = 10.6 µm)+APF gel; G6-CO 2 laser+AmF/NaF gel; G7-CO 2 laser+AmF/SnF 2 solution; G8-CO 2 laser; and G9-sound enamel. The CO 2 laser parameters were: 0.45 J/cm 2 ; 6 μs; and 128 Hz. After surface treatment, the samples (except from G9) were immersed in 1% citric acid (pH 4.0, 3 min). Surface microhardness was measured at baseline and after surface softening. The data were statistically analyzed by oneway ANOVA and Tukey's tests (p < 0.05). G2 (407.6 ± 37.3) presented the highest mean SMH after softening, followed by G3 (407.5 ± 29.8) and G5 (399.7 ± 32.9). Within the fluoride-treated groups, G4 (309.0 ± 24.4) had a significantly lower mean SMH than G3 and G2, which were statistically similar to each other. AmF/NaF and APF application showed potential to protect and control erosion progression in dental enamel, and CO 2 laser irradiation at 0.45J/cm 2 did not influence its efficacy. CO 2 laser irradiation alone under the same conditions could also significantly decrease enamel erosive mineral loss, although at lower levels.

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Section: Declaration Of Interestsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential of CO2 lasers (10.6 µm) associated with fluorides in inhibiting human enamel erosion

et al. 2014

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“…10 Since the intervention of ruby crystal laser by Maiman in 1960, different lasers have been assessed in dentistry fields. 15 Different types of lasers such as Er: YAG, Nd: YAG and CO 2 with various adjusting parameters have been administrated for caries prevention. CO 2 lasers are useful without hazardous side effects and they keep surface temperature at safe levels.…”

Section: Effect Of Co2 Laser and Fluoride Varnish Application On Micrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of CO2 Laser and Fluoride Varnish Application on Microhardness of Enamel Surface Around Orthodontic Brackets

et al. 2017

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IntroductionOrthodontic treatment has many advantages such as esthetic improvement, function and self-estimation enhancement. 1Orthodontic appliances make oral hygiene more difficult and increase plaque accumulation. After installing fix orthodontic appliances in the mouth, Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus species increase. These bacteria release organic acid that causes dissolution of ions of calcium and phosphate from the enamel surface, which can lead to white spot lesions and this process can occur in 4 weeks.2 White spot lesions are defined as enamel decalcification due to subsurface mineral loss; while 10 to 30 µm of enamel surface remains intact. 3,4 The opaque appearance of the lesion is due to variations in light scattering of decalcified porous enamel. Years after orthodontic treatment, white spot lesions may develop into esthetic problems, because demineralized enamel may absorb colors from drinks and foods. 5,6 When the lesion progresses, remineralization gets tough and sometimes impossible 5,7 ; hence, it is important to prevent the formation of these lesions. Øgaard reported that 5 years after treatment, white spot lesions were more Orthodontic treatment has many advantages such as esthetic improvement and self-esteem enhancement; yet it has some disadvantages such as increasing the risk of formation of white spot lesions, because it makes oral hygiene more difficult. It is rational to implement procedures to prevent these lesions. The present study was aimed to assess the effect of CO 2 laser and fluoride varnish on the surface of the enamel surface microhardness around the orthodontic braces. Methods: Eighty extracted premolar teeth were selected, scaled, polished with nonfluoridated pumic and metal brackets were bonded to them. Then, they were randomly allocated to 5 groups: control (neither fluoride nor laser is used on enamel surfaces), fluoride (4 minutes fluoride varnish treatment of the enamel surfaces), CO 2 laser (10.6 µm CO 2 laser irradiation of the teeth), laserfluoride (fluoride application after laser irradiation) and fluoride-laser (fluoride was applied and then teeth were irradiated with laser). After surface treatment around brackets on enamel, the samples were stored in 0.1% thymol for less than 5 days and then they were exposed to a 10-day microbiological caries model. Microhardness values of enamel were evaluated with Vickers test. One sample of each group (5 teeth from 80 samples) was prepared for SEM (scanning electron microscopy) and the data from 75 remaining teeth were analyzed with analysis of variance (ANOVA) and chi-square tests (α = 0.05). Results:Microhardness mean values from high to low were as follow: fluoride-laser, laser-fluoride, laser, fluoride and control. Microhardness in fluoride-laser group was significantly higher compared with that of the control group. Distribution adhesive remnant index (ARI) scores were significantly different between groups and most of bond failures occurred at the enamel-adhesive interface in groups 2 to 5 and at the adhesive-b...

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“…The main chemical changes in enamel due to photothermal effects are that the prevailing CO 3 component in the phosphate position decreases and the acid phosphate ions condense to form pyrophosphate ions. At higher temperatures occurs a thermal re-crystallization and crystal size growth and the pyrophosphate reacts with apatite to form PO 4 . The hypothesis is that these effects make enamel less soluble to acids (4).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At higher temperatures occurs a thermal re-crystallization and crystal size growth and the pyrophosphate reacts with apatite to form PO 4 . The hypothesis is that these effects make enamel less soluble to acids (4).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Surface Roughness and Bacterial Adhesion on Tooth Enamel Irradiated With High Intensity Lasers

et al. 2017

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The aim was to evaluate the surface roughness and bacterial adhesion on enamel irradiated with high intensity lasers, associated or not to a fluoride varnish. Eighty fragments of bovine enamel were equally divided in 8 groups (n=10). Group 1 was not treated and Group 2 received only a 5% fluoride varnish application. The other groups were irradiated with an Er:Cr:YSGG (8.92 J/cm 2 ), an Nd:YAG (84.9 J/cm 2 ) and a diode laser (199.04 J/cm 2 ), associated or not to a 5% fluoride varnish. The surface roughness was measured before and after treatments. Afterward, all samples were incubated in a suspension of S. mutans at 37 °C for 24 h. The colony-forming units (CFU) were counted by a stereoscope and the results were expressed in CFU/mm 2 . One-way ANOVA and the Tukey´s test compared the roughness data and the Student´s test compared the results obtained in the bacterial adhesion test (α=5%). The results showed that the irradiated samples without varnish presented the same roughness and the same bacterial adhesion that the non-irradiated samples. However, samples irradiated in the presence of fluoride varnish showed higher surface roughness and higher bacterial adhesion than the non-irradiated samples and those irradiated without varnish. Presence of pigments in the varnish increased the lasers' action on the enamel surface, which produced ablation in this hard tissue and significantly increased its surface roughness. For this reason, the enamel's susceptibility to bacterial adhesion was higher when the irradiation of the samples was made in presence of fluoride varnish.

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Chemical, Morphological and Thermal Effects of 10.6-.MU.m CO2 Laser on the Inhibition of Enamel Demineralization

Cited by 69 publications

References 40 publications

Potential of CO2 lasers (10.6 µm) associated with fluorides in inhibiting human enamel erosion

Potential of CO2 lasers (10.6 µm) associated with fluorides in inhibiting human enamel erosion

Effect of CO2 Laser and Fluoride Varnish Application on Microhardness of Enamel Surface Around Orthodontic Brackets

Evaluation of Surface Roughness and Bacterial Adhesion on Tooth Enamel Irradiated With High Intensity Lasers

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