The need to meet society's demands for road infrastructure while minimizing the resulting environmental impacts is a source of great complications. In this context, Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) can be useful by applying a set of rules and processes for the environmental assessment of projects. The objectives of this study were to present the main environmental impact categories associated with emissions from the life cycle phases of a road pavement and how to estimate them. In addition, this paper provides examples of LCA applications on these infrastructures. In view of the evolution of research on LCA, a compilation was made on: the main categories of environmental impact associated with emissions; phases of life cycle impact assessment; and procedures and methods of impact estimation. The impact categories presented are associated with climate change, acidification, ozone depletion, tropospheric ozone formation, eutrophication, and Particulate Matter Formation. Not all methods are able to generate indicators for all types of impact and, depending on the type of materials and services that make up the inventory of the alternatives analyzed, one specific method may be more appropriate to use. The conclusions are that for each environmental impact, the results depend on the input parameters, such as energy flows and materials, along with their processing by methods of life cycle impact assessment. Besides this, despite the great diversity of the databases for the steps of life cycle assessment of roadway pavement, there is a general consensus about the nature of these steps. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2022-08-06-015 Full Text: PDF
When evaluating the sustainability of a construction project, it is important to verify the influence of climate uncertainty and the depletion of natural resources that permeate the strategies to make infrastructure possible, especially those associated with the transportation sector, which have great potential to generate environmental impacts. Thus, the objective of this study is to evaluate the effect that subgrade material variation, which constitutes highway pavements with flexible surfacing, can generate in the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of these infrastructures. For this purpose, pavements that had the same materials and thicknesses for the execution of the base (gravel soil-NG') and the subbase (clay soil LG'), but with subgrades composed of different types of tropical soils, classified as lateritic and non-lateritic, were proposed. The combination of these elements enabled the elaboration of pavements with different service lives and atmospheric emissions. The scope of the study included the phases of extraction and production of the inputs necessary to build the roadway envisioned in each scenario, as well as the construction phase itself, considering the operation of construction equipment. The LCA focused on the emission of greenhouse gases (GHGs) and the quantity of primary energy employed in the phases considered. It was concluded that the materials used in this study have similar mechanical behavior, and therefore the results of the design of the thicknesses of the asphalt overlay were close and consequently result in similar energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2022-08-07-012 Full Text: PDF
Resumo: O concreto é amplamente utilizado no ramo da construção civil, no entanto, suas propriedades intrínsecas podem induzir as manifestações patológicas. Desta forma, é importante e vem crescendo cada vez mais a busca por tecnologias que melhorem seu desempenho e proporcione uma maior vida útil. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo geral identificar e classificar problemas ocasionados por manifestações patológicas decorrentes de umidade nas edificações, demonstrando a maneira de se inspecionar visando mecanismos de proteção, manutenção e restauração das estruturas afetadas. Este estudo se refere a edificação destinada a Universidade Federal de São João Del Rei -Campus Alto Paraopeba no município de Ouro Branco-MG. O processo é realizado de forma a inspecionar e, através do levantamento de dados, classifica-las conforme um referencial teórico que auxilie no desenvolvimento do tema. No decorrer dessa pesquisa foram analisadas as manifestações por inspeção visual da edificação, de acordo com a norma do IBAPE (2012) visando identificar as causas e classifica-las de acordo com o seu grau de periculosidade. Em segundo momento, o trabalho apresenta uma análise criteriosa de toda a informação coletada do edifício. A conclusão do trabalho se fundamenta no aprimoramento dos quesitos de vistorias com um olhar crítico, visando a importância da manutenção e preservação das edificações, evitando possíveis ocorrências de patologias que possam vir a danificar as estruturas.
As ferrovias brasileiras atravessam grandes extensões territoriais e ao longo desse caminho é possível a ocorrência de depósitos espessos de solos moles. Os aterros construídos sobre essas áreas devem ser adequadamente dimensionados para evitar deslocamentos excessivos na plataforma ferroviária, de forma a não afetar a geometria e a funcionalidade da via. Assim, este artigo analisa a viabilidade técnica da execução de um aterro controlado lançado entre duas ferrovias para absorver possíveis impactos de um descarrilamento, evitando, desta forma, a paralisação de ambas as linhas devido ao estrangulamento das linhas existentes. O estudo apresenta dados geotécnicos em solos moles da região norte brasileira, comportamento tensãodeformação, a estabilidade da inclinação do aterro controlado, bem como avalia as os fatores de segurança correspondentes a cada modelo geotécnico.
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