Our results showed that both socioeconomic and chronic complications are relevant factors of HRQOL in type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Age, rural lifestyle, retirement, lower level of education and low socioeconomic status, as well as DM complications (angina pectoris, hearth failure, diabetes nephropathy, and diabetes retinopathy) were found to be independent risk factors for the component scores of SF-36 and EQ-VAS score. Taking into consideration the results obtained, health practitioners should be aware not only of the clinical parameters of patients with DM, but also of their educational level and working status.

The study was aimed to investigate the effects of air pollutants particulate matter (PM 2.5, PM 10 ), sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) and NO 2 on hospital admissions for respiratory diseases in the residents of Nis, Serbia, during the period 2012-2014. The findings of average daily concentrations of air pollutants were obtained both by the measurements made by the Public Health Institute Nis and by the state ambient air quality monitoring network of the Agency for Environmental Protection of the Republic of Serbia. The respiratory diseases analyzed in the study are pneumonia, asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Patients were categorized into three age groups (0-17.9, 18-64.9 and >65). Poisson regression was used to examine the link between air pollutants and respiratory health outcome at lag 0. Results was expressed as the increase in Relative Risk (RR) for hospital admissions for each daily increase in air pollutants for 10 µg/m 3 . NO 2 had the most significant effect on hospital admission, although its concentrations did not exceed the prescribed values. With an increase in the daily NO 2 concentrations of 10µg/m 3 , the RR of daily asthma and COPD hospital admissions in Nis older than 65 years increased by 1.2% and 0.7%, respectively. In women older than 65 years, with an increase in daily concentrations of NO 2 of 10µg/m 3 , the risk of daily hospital admissions for asthma increased by 1.5%. In multi-polluted statistical analysis (adjusted with PM 2.5 and SO 2 ) each daily increase in NO 2 for 10 µg/m 3 was statistically significant associated with the increased RR by 1.3%. In men 18 to 64 years of age, with an increase in daily NO 2 concentrations of 10 µg/m 3 , the RR of hospital admissions for asthma increased by 2.0%, and in the PM 2.5 -adjusted model, increased by 1.8%. The suspended particles had an effect on hospital admission for pneumonia in men up to 17.9 years of age. With an increase in daily concentrations of suspended PM 2,5 particles of 10 µg/m 3 , the risk of hospital admissions for pneumonia in them increases by 0.6% and 0.4%, respectively. We found that the concentration of NO 2

Objective: Epidemiological research has shown that air pollution is associated with cardiovascular events, but little is known about short-term effects on blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) in Serbian population. The present study assessed the short-term association between black smoke (BS) and sulphur dioxide (SO 2) levels in urban air and the daily values of blood pressure and heart rate in 98 healthy nonsmoking female volunteers. Methods: Generalized regression model was fitted controlling for temperature, relative humidity, air pressure, season, and the day of the week. Results: There was no association between short-term air pollution exposure and BP and HR, the exposure showed a tendency toward a decrease of diastolic BP and HR, but with no statistical significance. Conclusion: The present findings did not support the conclusion that current levels of ambient BS and SO 2 may have an effect on blood pressure and heart rate in women.

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Objectives: The aim was to estimate the trend of incidence, mortality and mortalityto-incidence ratio (MIR) in Central Serbia in 1999-2018 and its possible association with the human development index (HDI).Methods: In this study, cancer of unknown primary (CUP) was included as C77-C80 codes. Trend analysis was performed in the Joinpoint Regression Programme version 4.8.0.1. HDI combines life expectancy, educational attainment and gross national income. HDI values for Serbia are extracted from the global bank site.Results: Joinpoint regression analysis of the age-standardised incidence rate of CUP showed a significantly increasing trend with annual percent change (APC) of 8.5% (95% confidence interval [CI] 3.0-14.3%) in males and 7.8% (95%CI 2.7-13.2) in females. The age-standardised mortality rate of CUP showed a significantly decreasing trend with APC of À1.7% (95%CI À2.8 to À0.5%) in males and À1.4% (95%CI À2.7 to À0.1%) in females. MIR showed a significantly decreasing trend with APC of À9.3% (95%CI -14.6 -À3.6%) in males and À7.1% (95%CI À10.5% to À4.2%) in females. The linear regression showed significant inverse association among HDI and the MIR of CUP in males (r 2 = 0.464, p = 0.002) and in females (r 2 = 0.612, p < 0.001).Conclusions: Decline of MIR was associated with HDI, suggesting that CUP prognosis follows socio-economic status.

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The research was supported by the funds of the scientific research project of the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Niš, which is financed by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia (451-03-68/2022-14/200113) Conflict of interest: None declared Background:Rotary endodontic instruments are increasingly used in root canal treatment and have replaced stainless steel manual files. Cyclic fatigue is the cyclic loading of stress to produce deformation or fracture. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the effects of autoclave sterilization on cyclic fatigue in 5 types of rotary endodontic instruments. Material/Methods:ProTaper Universal, BioRace, ProTaper Next, Twisted File, and HyFlex CM instruments were included in this study. Each type included 96 instruments, divided into 4 groups according to the number of sterilization cycles (0, 1, 3, 5). After sterilization, each group of instruments was divided into 2 subgroups and tested for cyclic fatigue in 2 simulated canals (45 degrees both and 2 radii, 2 mm and 5 mm). The number of cycles to failure (NCF) was calculated, and statistical analyses were carried out using the t test, Mann-Whitney U test, and ANOVA, followed by the Tukey post hoc test (p<0.05). Fracture surfaces were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results:Within the group of non-sterilized instruments, ProTaper Universal showed significantly lower resistance to cyclic fatigue compared to the other types of instruments (p<0.001). After repeated sterilization, a significantly higher mean of NCF was observed for BioRace (p<0.001), ProTaper Next (p<0.001), Twisted File (p<0.001), and HyFlex CM (p<0.001) compared to ProTaper Universal. The resistance of HyFlex CM was significantly higher compared to the other types of instruments (p<0.001). Conclusions:The findings from this study showed that autoclave sterilization of newer rotary endodontic instruments could increase resistance to cyclic fatigue.

Clinically applicable predictive model should be a trade-off between all abovementioned statistical metrics, a trade-off between calibration and discrimination, accuracy and decision-making, costs and benefits, and quality and quantity of patient's life.