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This work deals with the characterization of the color properties of different titanium oxide films, obtained by means of anodic oxidation. The color of these oxides varies with film thickness, since it is due to light interference phenomena taking place at the metal-oxide-air interfaces. Color measurements were carried out by using spectrophotometry techniques: the values obtained belong to the colorimetric space CIELAB, which is defined as standard colorimetric space. The results of these analyses were related to the oxide structure, analyzed with X-ray diffraction techniques, which was determined to be either amorphous or semicrystalline. Also the oxide thickness was taken into account. This feature was derived both from ellipsometric data and from reflectance spectra: the two data are shown to be in good adherence. Both commercial purity titanium (grade 2 ASTM) and titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V substrates were investigated.

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Titanium biomaterials are widely employed to produce medical components, such as hip and knee-joint prostheses, bone plates and screws, dental implants, pacemaker cases, surgical equipment, etc. Their diffusion is ascribed to the broad spectrum of optimal mechanical and surface properties, such as the corrosion resistance and correlated low ionic release, the biocompatibility, and especially, the enhanced osseointegration that can be achieved by surface modifications, particularly by suitable anodizing treatments. This review is intended to provide a survey of the wide class of anodic oxidation treatments on titanium, focusing on the oxide structures, morphologies, and compositions that best apply to the variegated fields of titanium applications.

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