The literature has recently raised the need to clarify the nature of psychological empowerment. There are theoretical and empirical evidences that this conceptualization may not be appropriate, and therefore other alternatives to the reflective measurement model should be considered. Consequently, serious problems may arise from the measurement model misspecification, undoubtedly compromising the development of empowerment theory and measurement. This empirical study constitutes an attempt to contribute to this debate, not only testing both reflective and formative models of psychological empowerment, to find the most appropriate modeling approach as a higher‐order multidimensional construct, but also validating a measure that assesses cognitive, emotional, behavioral, and relational components in a Portuguese youth community‐organizing context (N = 861). Confirmatory tetrad analyses results suggest a formative operationalization of psychological empowerment construct. These findings are supported by additional theoretical and empirical considerations. Additionally, the 46‐item index for measure psychological empowerment reveals satisfactory psychometric properties.

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The World Health Organization (2002) considers that a balance between government, community, and individual action is necessary for health education and promotion, recognizing that non-governmental organizations, local groups, and community institutions are central in this process. This argument reinforces the idea that individuals should be empowered and encouraged to make use of accurate health-related information. This paper highlights the potential of a socio-political perspective for the development of health literacy within children and adolescents and presents two studies conducted in two daily life contexts: a community organization and a school. Both studies are based on methodological pluralism and collaborative research approaches and explore the promotion of health knowledge in formal and informal settings. Study 1 is based on a mixed methodology, using focus group discussions and questionnaires with children and youth with chronic diseases to explore the perceived impact of their participation in support associations. Study 2 presents four intensive case-studies in schools where adolescents used community profiling, a participatory research methodology, to explore health rights and access to healthcare in both a historical and prospective vision. The results enable a deeper understanding on how powerful tool ccommunity resources can be for individual and collective empowerment on health issues.

Resumo Este artigo parte da premissa de que a socialização política juvenil na contemporaneidade se baseia em processos dinâmicos que emergem da ação e interação simultâneas de diferentes contextos e agentes sociais, constituindo oportunidades de aprendizagem cívica e vivência democrática que influenciam as experiências juvenis de participação cívica e política. Assim, este estudo explora os efeitos longitudinais da interação entre a família, pares, mídia e associação escoteira no ativismo político, participação cívica e participação cívica online de jovens. Recorrendo a um estudo longitudinal de painel, o mesmo coorte de 473 jovens escoteiros(as) portugueses(as), com idades entre os 14 e os 22 anos, foram observados em três momentos separados por seis meses, entre janeiro de 2014 e março de 2015. Uma série de análises de modelos de crescimento latente permitiram analisar os efeitos da combinação dos agentes de socialização política quer nos níveis iniciais quer nas trajetórias de mudança das formas de participação. Os resultados obtidos demonstram não só a interdependência entre os vários agentes de socialização com que os(as) jovens se relacionam no cotidiano, mas também as influências que estes exercem variam consoante o tipo de participação. O ativismo político é influenciado significativamente pelos pares e pela associação escoteira. O desenvolvimento da participação cívica é potenciado pela associação escoteira e pela mídia (televisão e rádio). A participação online é essencialmente fomentada pela mídia (internet, televisão e rádio) e pelas discussões interpessoais sobre assuntos políticos.

This paper presents a Web based Monitoring and Control system. The system was applied to an industrial Rotational Moulding Plastic Oven. The developed system provides remote monitoring of several temperature sensors included in the oven, as well as control of the operation cycle in which the oven works. The oven is a rotational machine therefore no cables were able to be used, so it was necessary to use wireless technologies Like radio frequency to achieve communication between the machine and the monitoring station. The system architecture and the developed software are presented in this paper.

This study is intended to elucidate the impact of the experience of risk on emotions and coping strategies following an unexpected fire. It looked at residents of the Island of Madeira, where a highly destructive fire had recently occurred. Two groups were compared (people who had been affected directly by the fire event and others who had not) in order to study their risk perception, emotions and coping strategies, and to explore the variables that might contribute to explaining each group's coping strategies.The results showed that people affected directly by the fire reported higher levels of active coping strategies, such as analysis and prevention. Women displayed higher levels of fear and less use of active coping strategies. The results also revealed that anger, local identity and fire experience predicted both analysis and prevention forms of coping. However, coping delegation was only predicted by local identity, and coping denial just by fear.Experiencia de riesgo, emociones, identidad de lugar y estrategias de afrontamiento en personas afectadas por un incendio inesperado RESUMEN Este estudio pretende aclarar la influencia de la experiencia de riesgo sobre las emociones y las estrategias de afrontamiento subsiguientes a un incendio inesperado. Se centró sobre los habitantes de la isla de Madeira, en la que había tenido lugar recientemente un incendio altamente destructivo. Se compararon dos grupos (personas afectadas directamente por el incendio y personas no afectadas) para estudiar su percepción de riesgo, emociones

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