No abstract

Biodiversity inventories contain important information about species richness, community structure, and composition, and are the first step in developing any conservation and mitigation strategies. The Atlantic Forest of South America is home to around 334 species of small-, medium-, and large-sized mammals, and is currently restricted to less than 12% of its original cover. Here, we present the ATLANTIC MAMMALS, an open data set on information on medium-and large-sized mammal assemblages in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Paraguay, and Argentina. A total of 129 studies were compiled, including published and in press peer-reviewed papers, book chapters, theses and unpublished data. We mapped 244 assemblages, eight orders, 63 genera, and 94 species (24 of which are classified as threatened by the IUCN Red List) distributed in 128 protected and 116 unprotected areas. Species richness of the mammalian assemblages varied from 1 to 39 species (mean 15). The most recorded species in the entire biome was Dasypus novemcinctus, followed by Cerdocyon thous and Procyon cancrivorous. These data can be useful in support of macroecological studies and conservation planning strategies. Please cite this data paper when the data are used in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using the data.

Intensifying land use is often seen as a corollary of improving rural livelihoods in developing countries. However, land use intensification (LUI) frequently has unintended impacts on ecosystem services (ES), which may undermine the livelihoods of the same people who could benefit from intensification. Poorer households are disproportionately dependent on ES, so inequalities may also rise. A disaggregated analysis of LUI is thus fundamental to better understand how LUI can progress in an equitable manner. Using a suite of multiscale, multidisciplinary social-ecological methods and operationalising multidimensional concepts of land use intensity and wellbeing, we examine three case studies in rural Mozambique. Drawing on qualitative focus group discussions, 1576 household surveys and geospatial data from 27 Mozambican villages, we assess how wellbeing and inequality change with three common LUI pathways: transitions to smallholder commercial crop production, charcoal production, and subsistence expansion. Wellbeing improved with intensification of smallholder commercial and subsistence agriculture, inequality did not change. Intensification of unsustainable charcoal production showed no overall effect on either wellbeing or inequality. Improvements in wellbeing amongst the poorest households were only found with intensification of commercial crop production where villages had highly accessible markets. Our findings suggest that socioeconomic benefits from agricultural intensification and expansion may overcome localised environmental trade-offs, at least in the short term. However, unsustainable charcoal resource management and limited productive investment opportunities for rural households resulted in both reduced market access and limited wellbeing improvements. Sustainable and inclusive markets are therefore crucial developments alongside LUI to sustain wellbeing improvements for all households, to ensure that no one is left behind.

Land use change (LUC) is the leading cause of biodiversity loss worldwide. However, the global understanding of LUC's impact on biodiversity is mainly based on comparisons of land use endpoints (habitat vs non-habitat) in forest ecosystems. Hence, it may not generalise to savannas, which are ecologically distinct from forests, as they are inherently patchy, and disturbance adapted. Endpoint comparisons also cannot inform the management of intermediate mosaic landscapes. We aim to address these gaps by investigating species- and community-level responses of mammals and trees along a gradient of small scale agricultural expansion in the miombo woodlands of northern Mozambique. Thus, the case study represents the most common pathway of LUC and biodiversity change in the world's largest savanna. Tree abundance, mammal occupancy, and tree- and mammal-species richness showed a non-linear relationship with agricultural expansion (characterised by the Land Division Index, LDI). These occurrence and diversity metrics increased at intermediate LDI (0.3 to 0.7), started decreasing beyond LDI > 0.7, and underwent high levels of decline at extreme levels of agricultural expansion (LDI > 0.9). Despite similarities in species richness responses, the two taxonomic groups showed contrasting β-diversity patterns in response to increasing LDI: increased dissimilarity among tree communities (heterogenisation) and high similarity among mammals (homogenisation). Our analysis along a gradient of landscape-scale land use intensification allows a novel understanding of the impacts of different levels of land conversion, which can help guide land use and restoration policy. Biodiversity loss in this miombo landscape was lower than would be inferred from existing global syntheses of biodiversity-land use relations for Africa or the tropics, probably because such syntheses take a fully converted landscape as the endpoint. As, currently, most African savanna landscapes are a mosaic of savanna habitats and small scale agriculture, biodiversity loss is probably lower than in current global estimates, albeit with a trend towards further conversion. However, at extreme levels of land use change (LDI > 0.9 or < 15% habitat cover) miombo biodiversity appears to be more sensitive to LUC than inferred from the meta-analyses. To mitigate the worst effects of land use on biodiversity, our results suggest that miombo landscapes should retain > 25% habitat cover and avoid LDI > 0.75—after which species richness of both groups begin to decline. Our findings indicate that tree diversity may be easier to restore from natural restoration than mammal diversity, which became spatially homogeneous.

RESUMOIntrodução: A osteonecrose medicamentosa dos maxilares (ONM) é uma patologia que acomete com frequência os ossos da face, principalmente a mandíbula, devido à limitada vascularização e pouca maleabilidade óssea. Metodologia: Paciente compareceu ao Serviço de Cirurgia e Traumatologia Buco-Maxilo-Facial do Hospital do Oeste -Bahia, devido a dor e presença de secreção após o uso de prótese dentária inferior, relatando uso prévio de Alendronato de Sódio. Ao exame físico observou-se exposição óssea em região de corpo mandibular bilateral com presença de secreção purulenta. O exame imaginológico evidenciou áreas de sequestro ósseo em região de corpo mandibular bilateral, com limites definidos e envolvida por halo radiolúcido. Sob anestesia geral, foi realizada a remoção cirúrgica da lesão e inserção de membranas de L-PRF no leito cirúrgico. A peça cirúrgica foi coletada e enviada para exame anatomopatológico, confirmando diagnóstico clínico. Resultados: A paciente evoluiu sem queixas álgicas, com ausência de exposição óssea e remissão completa do quadro clínico inicial. Discussão: A intervenção cirúrgica é um tratamento invasivo, indicado em estágios avançados de OMN, e objetiva eliminar sequestros e regularizar margens ósseas, podendo resultar em um defeito na continuidade óssea com potencial de cura comprometido pela terapia previa, nesse contexto, o L-PRF colabora para o controle da infecção e age como barreira de proteção mecânica local. Conclusão: A associação entre intervenção cirúrgica e uso de L-PRF, se mostrou eficaz no tratamento da OMNs. Contudo, mais estudos acerca do uso do L-PRF são necessários para garantir a eficácia da terapêutica a longo prazo. Palavras-chaves:Osteonecrose Associada a Bifosfonatos, L-PRF, Mandíbula. ABSTRACTIntroduction: Medicinal osteonecrosis of the maxilla (ONM) is a pathology that frequently affects the bones of the face, especially the mandible, due to limited vascularity and poor bone malleability. Methodology: Patient attended the Service of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Traumatology of the Hospital do Oeste -Bahia, due to pain and presence of secretion after the use of inferior dental prosthesis, reporting previous use of Alendronate of Sodium. Physical examination showed bone exposure in a region of bilateral mandibular body with purulent secretion. The imaging examination revealed areas of bone sequestration in a region of bilateral

We studied the shrimp Exhippolysmata oplophoroides in southeastern Brazil (Macaé, 22º37″S; Ubatuba, 23º55″S; and Cananéia, 25º53″S) to test the hypotheses that (1) females should have the same reproductive output and fecundity at the regional scale, and (2) these reproductive parameters can vary among regions. Maximum carapace length (Macaé = 13.1 mm, Ubatuba = 12.8, Cananéia = 16), fecundity, and reproductive output differed among regions (Ancova, p < 0.05). Females in Cananéia exhibited the highest reproductive output/fecundity (18.6%/5230 embryos), followed by those in Macaé (16.0%/4365 embryos) and Ubatuba (12.6%/1206 embryos). We found that fecundity/reproductive output varies inversely with the length of the reproductive season, i.e. a considerable amount of energy is allocated during seasonal spawning periods in subtropical regions such as Cananéia. Previous studies have proved that E. oplophoroides is able to reproduce continuously in Ubatuba, with probably minor but continuous energy investment in reproduction occurring in this tropical region. In contrast, although Macaé is located at tropical latitude, it is under the influence of Cabo Frio upwelling that alters the water's physical properties via cold water intrusion. This process may be a determining factor in the spawning seasonality of Macaé's shrimp population, justifying the higher reproductive output recorded here than in Ubatuba.

A atrofia dos ossos gnáticos pode estar associada à dificuldades no tratamento protético. Após uma exodontia, por exemplo, o osso sofre remodelação, perdendo volume. Assim, é de extrema importância sua preservação quando existe o planejamento da realização de implante dentário. Diferentes materiais e técnicas foram desenvolvidas e são utilizadas na cirurgia oral, como o PRF, um importante biomaterial. Dentre suas características, estão a promoção da angiogênese, controle imunológico, aproveitamento das células-tronco circulantes e proteção de feridas por cobertura epitelial. Desta forma, o objetivo deste artigo é relatar um caso de utilização de enxerto sticky bone e de membrana L-PRF, após exodontia, como forma de reconstrução do osso alveolar em região anterior de maxila, para posterior instalação de implantes dentários.

RESUMOIntrodução: a Fissura Labiopalatina (FLP) é a malformação facial congênita mais comum, ela pode ser uni ou bilateral e decorre da falta de coalescência entre os processos palatinos e pterigopalatinos no período entre a quarta e nona semanas de vida intrauterina. Essa malformação causa alterações dentárias, esqueléticas, nutricionais e psicológicas, que interferem diretamente no desenvolvimento da fala, fonação, deglutição e estética. Ainda que se obtenha sucesso na queiloplastia e enxertia para recobrimento da fenda palatina, o paciente com FLP normalmente atinge a fase adulta com severos problemas de má oclusão. Nestes casos o tratamento ortodôntico isolado não é suficiente para correção do problema e a cirurgia ortognática é associada ao tratamento a fim de se obter uma oclusão estável, restabelecendo padrões funcionais e harmonia facial. Objetivo: o objetivo deste trabalho é descrer as diferentes etapas do tratamento de uma paciente portadora de FLP unilateral transforame completa acompanhada pela equipe de Cirurgia e Traumatologia Buco-Maxilo-Facial (CTBMF) UFBA-OSID, até a sua alta. Relato de caso: paciente do gênero feminino, submeteu-se a queiloplastia, enxerto autógeno de crista ilíaca em região de palato, e cirurgia ortognática, recebendo alta do Centrinho completamente reabilitada. Conclusão: o acompanhamento precoce destes pacientes por uma equipe coesa e interdisciplinar é fundamental para o sucesso do tratamento e inserção social, as etapas de tratamento e as técnicas empregadas no Centrinho tem apresentado bons resultados quanto ao reestabelecimento estético e funcional dos pacientes portadores de FLP. Palavras-chave: Fissura Palatina. Fenda Labial. Cirurgia Maxilofacial. Abstract Introduction: cleft lip and palate is the most common congenital facial malformation, it can be unilateral or bilateral and stems from the lack of coalescence between the palatine processes and pterigopalatine in the period