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RESUMOO setor pesqueiro, em especial a pesca extrativa marinha, é uma atividade de grande importância econômica em diversas localidades do Brasil. A industrialização de peixe gera uma quantidade expressiva de resíduos ricos em proteínas e em ácidos graxos de cadeia longa, entre os quais se destacam os insaturados da série ômega-3. Este trabalho teve como objetivo fazer uma revisão sobre as alternativas tecnológicas disponíveis para aproveitamento de resíduos de peixe, como maneira de se agregar valor a este material, sob o enfoque da tecnologia limpa. Este material pode ser processado para a obtenção de óleo, farinha ou silagem que, por sua vez, podem ser aplicados na alimentação animal. O óleo obtido pode ainda ser estabilizado mediante reações de interesterificação, sendo que os triacilgliceróis estruturados assim obtidos podem ser aplicados em rações, com vantagens nutricionais sobre os óleos originais. Os resíduos de peixe podem ser aplicados como substrato para a produção de proteína texturizada, concentrado protéico, carne mecanicamente separada, surimi, produtos reestruturados ou até mesmo óleo, utilizados na alimentação humana. A conversão do óleo obtido a biodiesel é outra proposta de interesse particular no campo de combustíveis alternativos. Palavras-chave: pescado, subprodutos, tecnologias limpasAlternatives for adding value for the fish processing wastes ABSTRACTThe fish farming industry, especially the marine extractive fishery, is an activity of great economic importance in many parts of Brazil. Industrial fish processing operations generate a significant amount of wastes, which are rich in proteins and longchain fatty acids, among which the unsaturated omega-3 fatty acids are prominent. The aim of this study is to make a review about the technological alternatives available for the utilization of fish wastes, such as a way for adding value to this material, focusing on green technologies. This material can be processed to obtain oil, meal or silage, that may be applied in livestock feeding. The obtained oil can further be stabilized by means of interesterification reactions, considering that the structured triglycerides thus obtained can be used in animal feeding, with nutritional advantages over original oils. The fish wastes can be applied as a substrate for the production of texturized proteins, protein concentrate, mechanically deboned meat, surimi, reestructured products or even oil, used for human feeding. The conversion of the extracted oil into biodiesel is another proposal of particular interest in the field of alternative fuels.

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Mono- (MAG) and diacylglycerols (DAG) are of nutritional interest. MAG and DAG containing eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids were produced in a solvent-free system via glycerolysis of menhaden oil catalyzed by Novozym 435. The effect of the molar ratio of glycerol to oil, enzyme concentration, and reaction temperature on MAG and DAG production was assessed. The optimal temperature was in the range of 55-70 degrees C for production of both acylglycerols. The increase in the substrates molar ratio led to a decrease in MAG and DAG content. The enzyme concentration was fixed at the lowest level evaluated (5%, by weight of substrates). High content of MAG (25% by weight) and DAG (41% by weight) containing, respectively, 12.46% EPA and 11.16% DHA, and 14.57% EPA and 13.70% DHA, were produced after 24 h at 70 degrees C, with 5% of lipase (by weight of substrate) and a glycerol-to-oil molar ratio of 1:1. For this reaction, a molar triacylglycerol (TAG) conversion of about 60% was achieved at equilibrium (10 h)

The objective of this work was to determine aflatoxin M 1 in fresh milk from fifty-two small farms in the city of Concórdia -SC, Brazil. Samples from the cooling tanks of each property were collected from November 2014 to January 2015. The QuEChERS method was used for the extraction of aflatoxin M 1 , and quantification was performed in UHPLC-FL. 40.4% of the analyzed samples (eg, 21 samples) showed contamination levels by aflatoxin M 1 above the maximum limit allowed by the Brazilian regulation, which is 0.5 μg L -1. These results suggest the importance of implementing Good Practices in obtaining feed for dairy cows, since the contamination of milk by aflatoxin M 1 occurs through the biotransformation of aflatoxin B 1 , after the ingestion of feed or silage contaminated by the animals, posing risk to the animals themselves, as well as to consumers of milk and dairy products. Keywords: aflatoxins; QuEChERS; UHPLC-FL.Practical Application: Contamination by aflatoxin M 1 of the evaluated fresh milk was high.