Este trabalho discute a construção de um sistema de governança para o Aquífero Guarani, uma das maiores reservas de água subterrânea do mundo, compartilhado por Argentina, Brasil, Paraguai e Uruguai. Embora a questão das águas subterrâneas seja estratégica no atual cenário internacional, nem sempre essa importância se traduz numa institucionalização adequada para o tratamento dessas águas, o que verificamos no caso do Acordo para o Aquífero Guarani assinado em agosto de 2010. Considerando que o Acordo do Aquífero Guarani possui em seu âmbito a base para que se pense na construção de um sistema de governança entre os países partes do Acordo, a hipótese deste trabalho é de que as preocupações com a salvaguarda da soberania e dos interesses nacionais dos países detentores da reserva desestimula os governos a uma maior preocupação com a institucionalização desse Acordo. Para tal, analisamos comparativamente o processo de ratificação na Argentina e Uruguai desse Acordo, e os debates suscitados nos congressos brasileiro e paraguaio.

It is a huge reserve in South America region and it is considered one of the largest sources of groundwater on the planet. The GAS has strategic value for its countries, especially in a context of increasing scarcity. Its size, its physical and political complexity, as well as its "invisibility" and insufficient treatment in the international scenario, constitute some of the challenging elements for management. The article will, in the first instance, summarize the management cases for transboundary aquifers in the world. Subsequently, a physical and political characterization of the GAS will be made, so that, finally, the existing challenges for the management of this resource will be presented. In order to carry out this work, a bibliographical review of the articles and documents published in recent years concerning the management of transboundary aquifers in the world was carried out, as was done with respect to the Guarani Aquifer and its international framework.

A questão ambiental e dos recursos naturais, pela mudança climática em curso, crescente escassez e aumento populacional global, se tornou motivo de preocupação e de segurança internacional. A América do Sul se insere nesse contexto devido à sua riqueza natural e hídrica, o que desperta interesse internacional e torna latente a necessidade de marcos regulatórios para essas questões. O presente artigo tem como objetivo traçar um panorama dos recursos naturais sul-americanos, especialmente da água, buscando não apenas ressaltar como esse tema ganha espaço no cenário internacional e no âmbito da segurança, mas evidenciando a necessidade premente de ações compartilhadas entre os Estados sul-americanos na construção de diretrizes para o manejo e defesa dessa riqueza natural da região, algo que envolve inclusive interesses globais. ABSTRACTThe environmental and natural resources issues, because of the ongoing climate change, the growing scarcity, and the global population growth have become a cause of concern and international security. South America is inserted in this context due to its natural and water richness, which attracts international interest and makes latent the need for regulatory frameworks in this area. The objective of this article is draw a scenery of the South American natural resources, especially water, not only to highlight how this issue gains space in the international scene and in the area of international security, but highlighting the urgent need of shared actions among the southern americans states on the construction of guidelines for the management and the defense of this natural wealth of the region, something that involves global interests. Palavras-Chave: Recursos Naturais; América do Sul; Recursos Hídricos; Segurança Internacional; Meio AmbienteKeywords: Natural Resources; South America; Water Resources; International Security; Environment Recebido em 30 de Janeiro de 2018 | Aceito em 24 de março de 2018.Received on January 30, 2018 | Accepted on March 24, 2018. DOI

The global framework set forth by the United Nations 2030 Agenda and its Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) include water resources in their scope, which emphasizes how water assets and society well-being are closely intertwined and how crucial they are to achieving sustainable development. This paper explores the role of hydropolitics in that Post-2015 Development Agenda and uses Brazilian hydropolitics set to reach SDG6 as a case study.

International Relations (IR) are an interdisciplinary field of study; however, mainstream IR possesses a Western and North-centric focus that neglects or unequivocally reflects Global South perspectives and realities. Global events, including those related to transboundary water relations, are told from a Western and North perspective. That does not provide enough knowledge to understand developments occurring in the Global South, understood here as less economically developed countries, comprising a variety of states with diverse levels of economic, cultural, and political influence in the international order. In this sense, the article exposes some Latin American IR thinking, to offer new contributions to the process of theorizing transboundary water relations and broaden the field of view within IR and transboundary water. Following a qualitative methodology, based on the bibliographic revision of authors from the Global South in IR and hydropolitics, the paper argues that it is necessary to incorporate non-Western and non-Northern actors and thinking to explore how different actors challenge, support, and shape global and regional hydropolitics. The paper calls for more attention to how the analytical framework on transboundary water interactions can include Global South perspectives. The paper concludes with some suggestions for future research and policy discussions.