ResumenEste estudio desarrolló normas chilenas para el Inventario Clínico para Adolescentes de Millon (MACI) utilizando una muestra de baremación diferenciada por sexo y dicotomizada en dos grupos, no-consultantes (200 hombres y 206 mujeres) y consultantes (212 hombres y 189 mujeres), que respondió el MACI y el MMPI-A. Con los datos MACI se desarrolló un conjunto de análisis estadísticos de validez diagnóstica en etapas sucesivas que dio lugar a la categorización de las escalas MACI en Acordes con la Teoría (AT), ContraTeóricas (CT) y No-Diferenciadoras, y a la determinación de puntajes de corte entre funcionamiento sano y alterado. Para las escalas AT y CT se diseñó una escala de baremación de 100 puntos cuyo puntaje central (PT 50) correspondió al puntaje de corte de cada escala. Las escalas ND fueron baremadas en percentiles. La discusión de resultados analiza aspectos psicométricos y de evaluación clínica considerando el contexto latinoamericano y la integración de estos resultados en el modelo teórico de Millon.Palabras clave: MACI, baremos, evaluación psicológica clínica, adolescentes.
AbstractThis study aimed at building Chilean normative criteria for the Millon Adolescent Clinical Inventory (MACI) using a normative sample divided by sex, and into a non-consulting group (200 males and 206 females), and a clinical group (212 males and 189 females) that answered the MACI and the MMPI-A. Using MACI scales data, a set of statistical analysis for diagnostic validity were run through successive stages. Results indicated that MACI scales could be classified into Agreement with Theory (AT), Counter-Theory (CT); and Non-Discriminative (ND) scales; also a cutting point score between healthy functioning and disordered functioning was determined. To build norms for the AT and CT scales, a 100-point measuring scale that had the cutting-point score as the central score (PT 50) was used. Percentile norms were built for the ND scales. Discussion refers to psychometric and clinical assessment features attending to Latin-American cultural context and their integration into the Millon's theoretical model.
The purpose of this article is to determine the differences and similarities between adolescents from Barcelona and Bogotá in their psychoactive substance use habits, their perception of the activities that involve this use and how their risk perception can influence these habits. The sample consists of 865 school students from both cities, with ages between 15 and 18 years. Risk perception was assessed using the risk variables studied by Benthin, Slovic and Severson (1993). Substance use habits were assessed on the basis of the answers given by the youngsters to questions on the age when they first used any substance, frequency of use in the last week and use intentions in the next year. The findings suggest that the age they begin to use alcohol and marijuana and the first time they get drunk differ significantly between the adolescents in the two cities. The Barcelona youngsters have a higher tendency and actual use in respect of all the substances studied than the Bogotá youngsters. Perceived pleasure or benefits predict an increase in both the intention and frequency of use for almost every substance in this study for all, with the exception of the older adolescents (17 to 18 year-olds) from Bogotá. Fear of the consequences or the perception of a risk of illness or injury and conditions favouring use do not seem to have an obvious influence on the various use habits.
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