In this work, agar (Aa)-based hydrogels were developed
incorporating
different concentrations of orange peel (OP) particles, pretreated
using three different methods (hydrolysis, ultrasonication, or simple
suspension in hot water), and 1.5 wt % limonene (LMN), to be tested
as active soil conditioners for agriculture. The results of swelling
of these hydrogels in distilled and tap water showed that acid hydrolysis
or ultrasonication pretreatments of OP are counterproductive and that
the simplest and lowest-energy method of OP pretreatment resulted
in the most efficient hydrogels in terms of swelling. The incorporation
of LMN into the Aa-based hydrogels increased their swelling capacity
in tap water, while the incorporation of OP particles in the Aa+LMN
hydrogels increased the number and decreased the size of their pores
but did not significantly influence their swelling capacity, which
ranged from 650 to 700% after 4 h of immersion. The hydrogels developed
here were prepared with up to 50 wt % OP particles due to the increased
water solubility for higher concentrations. The biopesticide activity
of the hydrogels was investigated against the bacterium Pseudomonas
syringe pv tomato DC3000 (Psy) and the necrotrophic fungus Fusarium solani f.
sp. eumartii (F. eumartii), while the ability of
the hydrogels as soil conditioners to retain soil moisture under simulated
drought conditions was exploratorily investigated in tomato plants.
The results demonstrate that even if the hydrogels did not show biopesticide
activity against the studied microorganisms, the addition of 2.5 wt
% hydrogel to the substrate significantly increased the moisture content
of the soil and consequently improved the relative water content of
tomato leaves under drought stress.
The extraordinary occurrence of COVID-19 by the fast expansion of viral infections has propelled particular interest in developing novel antiviral and virucidal agents to guarantee personal security. The main objective of this work is to propose novel formulations able to optimize the use of personal protection elements. In recent years, chitosan (CH) has attracted attention for being an interesting multifunctional, biodegradable, non-antigenic, non-toxic, and biocompatible natural polymer with antimicrobial properties. In this work, formulations based on a CH matrix containing silver, and Copper based nanoparticles have been developed. The novelty of this proposal is that almost liquid formulations have been reached, possessing verified properties to inhibit evolved virus such as herpes simplex type 1 (HSV-1) and bovine betacoronavirus (BCoV), the latter belonging to the same family of the wellknown the well-known SARS-CoV-2. Besides antibacterial bioactivity; as well as the ability of these formulations to be easily sprayed on various surfaces, including conventional face masks, have been verified and discussed. The results presented in this contribution provide strong evidence on CH films as an ideal biosafe surface-protective for several daily used materials including the conventional face masks.
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