Chitosan‐Based Formulations Intended as Protective Spray for Mask Surfaces in Prevention of Coronavirus Dissemination

Abstract

The extraordinary occurrence of COVID-19 by the fast expansion of viral infections has propelled particular interest in developing novel antiviral and virucidal agents to guarantee personal security. The main objective of this work is to propose novel formulations able to optimize the use of personal protection elements. In recent years, chitosan (CH) has attracted attention for being an interesting multifunctional, biodegradable, non-antigenic, non-toxic, and biocompatible natural polymer with antimicrobial properties. In this work, formulations based on a CH matrix containing silver, and Copper based nanoparticles have been developed. The novelty of this proposal is that almost liquid formulations have been reached, possessing verified properties to inhibit evolved virus such as herpes simplex type 1 (HSV-1) and bovine betacoronavirus (BCoV), the latter belonging to the same family of the wellknown the well-known SARS-CoV-2. Besides antibacterial bioactivity; as well as the ability of these formulations to be easily sprayed on various surfaces, including conventional face masks, have been verified and discussed. The results presented in this contribution provide strong evidence on CH films as an ideal biosafe surface-protective for several daily used materials including the conventional face masks.

The Rise of Electroactive Materials in Face Masks for Preventing Virus Infections

“…Compared to synthetic electrets, naturally charged polymers are most promising for long-lasting air filtration, as they can achieve high electrostatic adsorption without recharging and regeneration. − Chitosan is a charged natural polymer with promise for long-lasting air filtration. Chitosan comprises N -acetyl- d -glucosamine and β-(1–4)-linked d -glucosamine with a highly stable distribution of naturally positively charged groups on its backbone. − The ionizable amino and hydroxyl groups of chitosan facilitate the binding of negatively charged particles in the air and can improve the filtration efficiency of chitosan-based filters. − Moreover, the positive charge of chitosan interacts with the envelope proteins of viruses, disrupts viruses’ structure, or interferes with their replication. − For example, Hathout and Kassem suggested that the application of positively charged chitosan or poly- l -lysine fibers in personal protective masks or protective clothing could reduce the viral load by exploiting the electrostatic repulsion between the fibers and SARS-CoV-2 (Figure c) . Recently, Zhang et al used hot air chitosan fibers as an antiviral layer for masks, and the chitosan fibers’ electrostatic effect reduced the activity of enterovirus 71 (EV71, which can be transmitted through the respiratory tract) .…”