Single doses of praziquantel were administered by oral route, at various time intervals, following the experimental infection of mice with Hymenolepis nana eggs (2000 per animal), to investigate the drug action against different development stages of the parasite. It was shown that either 25 or 50 mg/kg given on the 4th day after inoculation had just a partial effect against the cysticercoids. Moreover, 25 mg/kg given on the 7th day was not able to kill all juvenile forms as well. However, this dose administered on the 10th day, when the parasites had reached maturity taut oviposition was not yet initiated was 100% efficacious. The same degree of efficacy was achieved with the administration of 25 mg/kg on the 14th day when the fully mature worms already lay eggs. These animal findings indicate that in the treatment of human hymenolepiasis praziquantel, 25 mg/kg, should be taken twice, 10 days apart, so that the second dose kills the larval and juvenile forms which have survived the first one. This should be particularly recommended for treating H. nana infection in close communities.
A polymorphic set of 14 kDa excretory-secretory (E-S) antigen-encoding cDNAs, with similarity to a previously characterized 15 kDa E-S antigen of Haemonchus contortus, was cloned from Cooperia punctata. Five cDNAs encoding predicted proteins of 70-80% identity were sequenced. Genomic analyses of individuals proved the existence of three 14 kDa E-S antigen-encoding genes, excluding that the differences reflected polymorphisms between individuals in a population. Southern blots indicated the presence of additional members of this gene family. Thus, despite the fact that heterologously expressed C. punctata 14 kDa E-S products are shown to be recognized by immune sera, potential pitfalls in the development of a recombinant vaccine are presented by this genetic diversity. Vaccine design could be further rationalized by knowledge of the function, and possible redundancy in function, of the E-S products which is presently lacking. The limitations encountered in assigning a function to the 14/15 kDa family of E-S proteins that is thus far unique to the trichostrongyloid nematodes are discussed.
A pesquisa objetivou testar e comparar a capacidade predatória de fungos do gênero Arthrobotrys (dois isolados de A. robusta e um de A. conoides) sobre larvas infectantes de Oesophagostomum radiatum, Cooperia punctata e Haemonchus placei. Testes in vitro sobre agar-água 2% em placas de Petri e de viabilidade para predar larvas infectantes destes nematóides, após a passagem de conídios pelo trato gastrintestinal, foram realizados. Todos os isolados fúngicos foram eficazes contra larvas infectantes de O. radiatum (P< 0,05) em relação ao grupo controle sem tratamento fúngico. Todos os fungos passaram através do trato gastrintestinal dos bezerros, todavia, não foram capazes de predar mais larvas infectantes dos diversos nematóides em relação ao grupo controle sem fungos (P> 0,05). Estes resultados indicam que larvas infectantes ·de O. radiatum são igualmente predadas como as de C. punctata e H. placei por fungos do gênero Arthrobotrys e que após a passagem pelo trato gastrintestinal, os fungos do gênero Arthrobotrys apresentaram a sua capacidade predatória diminuída.
AbstractIn vitro experiments and for passage through the gastrointestinal tract of calvas were performed to test two isolates of Arthrobotrys robusta and one isolate of A. conoides without losing the ability to entrap infective larvae of Oesophagostomum radiatum, Cooperia punctata and Haemonchus Placei were performed. The isolates of fungi were efficient against the nematodes (P<0.05). Ali the fungi passed through the gastrointestinal tract of the calvas, but they did not get to prey more infective larvae than the control group without fungi treatment (P>0.05). These results demonstrate that infective O. radiatum larvae are preying equal to infective larvae of C. punctata and H. placei and after the passage through the gastrointestinal tract the fungi can lose the predatory capacity.
Para um melhor controle sanitário das colônias de cobaias, determinou-se a presença e identificação de ectoparasitos, bem como a porcentagem de eficácia dos ectoparasiticidas mais comumente utilizados no controle de ácaros. Numa colônia de cobaias foi detectado alto grau de infestação, 314 ácaros/cm2 de pêlo. As cobaias infestadas foram submetidas a tratamentos com Cipermetrina high-cis (0,1%), Triclorfon (0,1%), Malation (0,2%) e Monossulfiram (12,5%). Os produtos testados apresentaram alta eficácia.
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