Genetic maps of Vitis (2n = 38) have been constructed from an interspecific hybrid population of 58 seedlings of the cross 'Horizon' ('Seyval' x 'Schuyler') x Illinois 547-1 (V. cinerea B9 x V. rupestris B38). The maps were initially constructed based on 277 RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA) markers using a double-pseudotestcross strategy. Subsequently, 25 microsatellites, 4 CAPS (cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence), and 12 AFLP (amplified fragment length polymorphism) markers were added to the maps. Another 120 markers, mostly those segregating 3:1, were also assigned but not positioned on the linkage groups in the two maps. The 'Horizon' map consisted of 153 markers covering 1199 cM, with an average map distance of 7.6 cM between markers. The Illinois 547-1 map had 179 markers covering 1470 cM, with an average map distance of 8.1 cM. There were 20 linkage groups in each map, one more than the basic number of chromosomes in grapes. Ten linkage groups in each map were identified as homologous using 16 microsatellite and 2 CAPS markers polymorphic in both parents. A single locus controlling sex in grapes mapped close to a microsatellite marker. These maps provide enough coverage of the genome for QTL (quantitative trait loci) analysis and as a starting point for positional gene cloning in grapes.

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The efficiency of marker-assisted selection for powdery mildew (Uncinula necator (Schw.) Burr) resistance in grapes (Vitis L. sp.) was studied using molecular markers associated with a major QTL (quantitative trait loci) for this trait. Initially, genetic maps were constructed from a segregating population of the cross `Horizon' × Illinois 547-1 (a hybrid between V. rupestris Scheele and V. cinerea Engelm.). A major QTL from Ill. 547-1, the resistant parent, explained 41% of the variation. One RAPD (randomly amplified polymorphic DNA) marker and one AFLP (amplified fragment length polymorphism) marker, obtained by bulked segregant analysis, showed the highest association with powdery mildew resistance in the mapping population. Segregation of the QTL was followed in different crosses by CAPS (cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence) markers developed from these two markers. An allele-specific amplified polymorphism that segregates as present/absent was also developed from the CS25b locus. Powdery mildew resistance was evaluated visually on a 1 to 5 scale in four different seedling populations. Two populations originated from crosses using Ill. 547-1 as the resistant parent. Two other populations were from crosses with NY88.0514.03, a resistant seedling from the original `Horizon' × Ill. 547-1 mapping population. Segregation ratio distortions were observed in some crosses. In these cases, the allele associated with the QTL for powdery mildew resistance was less frequent than the alternate allele. In all crosses, the markers were closely associated with resistance. If selection were based on markers, the percentage of susceptible individuals (classes 4 and 5) would decrease from 24% to 52% to 2% to 18%. Selection efficiency was greatest in crosses where segregation distortion was most intense.

RESUMO -O presente trabalho teve como objetivo estimar os coeficientes de repetibilidade de caracteres relacionados à produtividade do pessegueiro, além de identificar e selecionar clones promissores para o Litoral Sul de Santa Catarina. Foram selecionadas plantas híbridas que apresentavam boa adaptação ao clima, produção, tamanho, sabor e firmeza dos frutos. Essas seleções foram enxertadas sobre o porta -enxerto Okinawa e plantadas no ano de 2005, em três diferentes locais: 1-Estação Experimental de Urussanga, situada a 40 metros de altitude; 2-Propriedade de fruticultor, situada a 200 metros de altitude; 3 -Propriedade de fruticultor, situada a 350 metros de altitude. As mudas foram plantadas no espaçamento de 6 x 1 metros e conduzidas no sistema de V . As avaliações foram realizadas durante os anos de 2007 e 2008. Os coeficientes de repetibilidade foram estimados pelo método da máxima verossimilhança restrita (REML), e a predição dos valores fenotípicos e genotípicos, pela melhor predição linear não viciada (BLUP), por meio do software Selegen-REML/BLUP. Todos os caracteres apresentaram considerável variabilidade genética, com estimativas de coeficientes de repetibilidade (r) variando de média a alta magnitude (0,54 a 0,74) para o caráter massa média dos frutos (MMF) e de baixa a média magnitude (0,22 a 0,39) para o caráter produção de frutos/planta (PTF). Os clones 1770 e 1443 apresentaram bom desempenho na média de todos os locais, enquanto os clones 0470 e 1307 se destacaram no local 1, o clone 1444 no local 2, os clones 0740 e 0926 no local 3 e o clone 1770 nos locais 1 e 2 de avaliação. Termos para indexação: pessegueiro, melhoramento genético, coeficiente de repetibilidade, Reml/Blup. ABSTRACT -The aim of the present study was estimate the coefficients of repeatability for productive features in peach, in addition to identify and select promising clones for the south coastal region of the State of Santa Catarina, Brazil. Hybrid plants that showed good adaptation to the climate, production, size, flavor and firmness of fruit were selected. These selections were then grafted on Okinawa rootstock and planted in the year 2005 in three different locations: 1 -Experimental Station of Urussanga, at 40 meters of altitude; 2 -Grower's orchard, at 200 meters of altitude; 3 -Grower's orchard, at 350 meters of altitude. The seedling were planted in a spacing of 6 x 1 meters and conducted in V system. Evaluations were carried out during the years 2007 and 2008. Variance components were estimated by Restricted Maximum Likelihood (REML), and the prediction of phenotypic and genotypic values by Best Linear Unbiased Prediction (BLUP), using the software Selegen-REML/BLUP. All productive features showed considerable genetic variability, with the estimations of repeatability coefficient (r) ranging from medium to high magnitude (0.54 to 0.74) for mean fruit weight (MMF), and from low to medium magnitude (0.22 to 0.39) for the number of fruits per plant (PTF). Clones 1770 and 1443 showed a good performance on average across...

RESUMO -Foram avaliadas as tendências nas séries climáticas e nos índices agroclimáticos para a cultura da videira no Vale do Rio do Peixe-SC. Foram utilizados os dados diários da Estação Meteorológica de Videira do período de 1971 a 2010. As tendências nas séries foram avaliadas pelo teste de Mann-Kendall, e para estimar a magnitude da tendência utilizou-se a declividade mediana, determinada pelo teste de Theil-Sen. Os resultados mostraram tendência de aumento nas séries de temperatura mínima do ar, em escala anual, bem como nas estações do ano. Para a temperatura máxima do ar, houve tendência significativa de aumento na série de temperatura máxima anual e na temperatura máxima no verão e inverno. Também foi observado aumento da frequência de dias quentes e noites quentes. Com relação aos índices agrometeorológicos, foi observada tendência significativa de diminuição do número de geadas, antecipação das datas de brotação, florescimento e colheita, aumento significativo na soma térmica, no índice de Huglin e no índice de frio. Com relação à precipitação, houve tendência significativa de aumento da precipitação total anual e da precipitação no período de crescimento da cultura da videira e do número de dias com chuva igual ou superior a 20 mm. Termos para indexação: clima, fenologia, videira, índices climáticos. CLIMATE CHANGES AND GRAPE PRODUCTION IN VALE DO RIO DO PEIXE, IN THE STATE OF SANTA CATARINAABSTRACT -Trends in climate series and agro-climatic indices were evaluated for growing vines in Vale do Rio do Peixe, in the state of Santa Catarina. Daily data of the Meteorological Station of Videira for the period from 1971 to 2010 were used. The trend in the series was analyzed with the Mann-Kendall test and to estimate the magnitude of the trend it was used the median slope determined by the Theil-Sen estimator.The results showed an increasing trend in series of minimum air temperature at the annual scale and also in the seasons of the year. The maximum air temperature presented a significant trend of increase in the series of annual maximum temperature and in the maximum temperature in summer and winter. It was also observed an increase in frequency of hot days and hot nights. In terms of agrometeorological indices it was observed a significant trend of decrease in the number of frost events, in the reduction of the time of sprouting, flowering and harvesting, and a significant increase in thermal summation, in the Huglin index, and in the cold index. In relation to precipitation there was a significant trend of increase in the annual total precipitation and in precipitation during the period of growth of the vines as well as the number of days with rainfall amounts equal or higher than 20mm.

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SCS438 Zafira' is a novel plum cultivar, adapted to southern Brazil. It produces high-quality fruits, very similar to 'Fortune', the standard mid-season cultivar. Its main advantage is the resistance to leaf scald. Apparently, the mechanism of resistance blocks the transmission of the bacteria by natural insect vectors (sharpshooters).