A pera é a fruta fresca mais importada pelo Brasil, constituindo-se em importante oportunidade de mercado para os produtores. No entanto, diversos problemas ainda limitam o cultivo da pereira, como a ausência de porta-enxertos adequados. Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar o desenvolvimento, a produtividade e a qualidade de peras cultivares (cvs.) Carrick enxertadas sobre 'Portugal', 'MC', 'BA29', 'D'Vranja' e 'Inta 267', e a cv. Packham's Triumph enxertadas sobre 'Adam's', 'D'Angers', 'Alongado' e 'Smyrna', e Pyrus calleryana. O experimento foi realizado durante as safras de 2009 e 2010, em pomar de pereiras de sete anos, conduzido em líder central, em espaçamento de 1,0x5,0 m, localizado no Centro Agropecuário da Palma, FAEM/UFPel. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de casualização por blocos, com três repetições por tratamento. Avaliaram-se a área da seção transversal do tronco, a eficiência produtiva, a produtividade, a produtividade acumulada, o número de frutas por planta, sólidos solúveis totais, firmeza de polpa, massa e diâmetro de fruta. Foi possível constatar que a produtividade das cvs. Carrick e Packham's Triumph é maior com os porta-enxertos de marmeleiro 'Portugal' e 'MC'; 'Adam's' e 'D'Angers', respectivamente. A produtividade e a eficiência produtiva dessas cultivares, em geral, é inversamente proporcional ao vigor induzido pelo porta-enxerto. Frutas das cvs. Carrick e Packham's Triumph acumulam maior quantidade de sólidos solúveis totais quando utilizados porta-enxertos menos vigorosos.

Resumo -O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o hábito de frutificação e produção de cultivares de pereira (Pyrus communis) enxertadas sobre porta-enxertos de marmeleiro (Cydonia oblonga) e de pereira (P. calleryana). O experimento foi realizado durante o inverno de 2009 e 2010, em pomar de pereiras conduzido em líder central, em espaçamento 1,0x5,0 m com três cultivares de pereira (Carrick, Packham e Williams) combinadas com um porta-enxerto de pereira (Clone D6 de P. calleryana) e 15 de marmeleiro. Foram avaliadas as seguintes variáveis: percentagem de dardos, lamburdas, brindilas vegetativas, brindilas floríferas e de bolsas; número total de gemas floríferas; produção por planta; e eficiência produtiva. O hábito de frutificação das cultivares de pereira é influenciado pelos porta-enxertos, principalmente no que se refere à formação de lamburdas. Em geral, observou-se relação inversa entre percentagem de dardos e de lamburdas, e entre eficiência produtiva e vigor, para todas as combinações entre copa e porta-enxerto. Para potencializar a produção, o manejo cultural nos pomares das cultivares avaliadas, principalmente por ocasião da poda, deve ser orientado de acordo com o porta-enxerto utilizado e o hábito de frutificação de cada combinação.Termos para indexação: Cydonia oblonga, Pyrus calleryana, Pyrus communis, eficiência produtiva, lamburda, poda. Bearing habit and production of pears grafted onto different rootstocksabstract -The objective of this research was to evaluate the bearing habit and yield of pear cultivars (Pyrus communis) grafted onto quince (Cydonia oblonga) and callery pear (P. calleryana) rootstocks. The experiment was carried out in the winter of 2009 and 2010, in a pear orchard conducted as central leader, at 1.0x5.0 m spacing, with three pear cultivars (Carrick, Packham, and Williams) combined with one callery pear (Clone D6 of P. calleryana) and 15 quince rootstocks. The following variables were assessed: percentage of vegetative spurs, reproductive spurs, vegetative brindles, reproductive brindles and bourses; total number of flower buds; yield per plant; and productive efficiency. Bearing habit of pear cultivars is influenced by the rootstocks, mainly for reproductive spur formation. In general, there was an inverse relationship between the percentage of vegetative and reproductive spurs, and between productive efficiency and vigor for all scion and rootstock combinations. In order to enhance production, cultural management in orchards of the evaluated cultivars, especially on pruning, should be oriented according to the rootstock used and to the bearing habit of each combination.

The antibiofilm and antibacterial properties against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus epidermidis and chemical characterization of six hydroethanolic blueberry extracts (blueberry rabbiteye-Vaccinium virgatum) from different cultivars and means of propagation were investigated. The total flavonoid, anthocyanin, and phenolic contents were determined by specific and well-established methods. Among the cultivars, Briteblue showed the lowest content of all metabolites analyzed, while Bluegem showed the highest concentrations of these compounds. All the micropropagated cultivars presented the highest amounts of chlorogenic acid. The blueberry fruit extracts showed strong activity against S. epidermidis biofilm (up to 84% inhibition) without inhibiting bacterial growth. Likewise, Bluegem micropropagated extract, which had the highest anthocyanin, flavonoids, and phenolic compound content, demonstrated the highest S. epidermidis biofilm inhibitory effect. Finally, a linear correlation between the total phenolic content and the percentage of biofilm inhibition was observed.

-The objective of this work was to evaluate the performance of 'Rocha' and 'Santa Maria' pears at two planting densities. The experiment was carried out during the

The application of rest breaking agents to compensate the lack of chilling is a common practice in apple orchards in Southern Brazil. However, its necessity in areas of greater chilling accumulation has been questioned over the years. The aim of this study was to investigate the performance of 'Maxi Gala' apple in response to different budbreak promoters in São Joaquim, SC.The study was performed in the growing seasons of 2013/2014, 2014/2015, and 2015/2016. Plant material consisted of 10-year-old 'Maxi Gala' apple trees grafted on the rootstock 'M.9', arranged in a randomized complete block design with five replicates in the 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 growing seasons and six replicates in the 2015/2016 season. Treatments consisted of Erger ® , combined with either calcium nitrate or mineral oil, at different rates; and hydrogen cyanamide combined with mineral oil. Treatments were applied when buds were between the stages A (dormant bud) and B (swollen bud; silver tip). The influence of treatments on flowering, budbreak, yield components, and fruit quality was assessed. Flowering was little affected by treatments, while axillary budbreak was consistently improved in the year of insufficient chilling accumulation. Besides, the combination Erger ® (2% and 3%) + calcium nitrate (2% and 3%) and Erger ® (1%) + mineral oil (3%) induced similar axillary budbreak as hydrogen cyanamide + mineral oil. Fruit quality attributes were not affected by treatments.

ResumoEste trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar a capacidade de enraizamento, em ambiente protegido, de microestacas retiradas de diferentes porções (apical e mediana) dos ramos de mirtileiro (Vaccinium ashei Reade) cv. Climax provenientes de mudas micropropagadas, com a utilização de diferentes substratos. Foram utilizados dois tipos de microestacas (apical e mediana) e três substratos (Plantmax® + casca de arroz carbonizada (1:1); Húmus Fértil® e Vermicomposto Bovino). O ácido indolbutírico (AIB) foi aplicado na concentração de 2000 mg L -1 para estimular o enraizamento. As microestacas foram acondicionadas em bandejas de poliestireno expandido. Microestacas provenientes da porção mediana atingiram maior porcentagem de sobrevivência, maior número de folhas e de brotações, porém, tiveram maior formação de calo. O número de raízes é dependente do tipo de microestaca e substrato utilizado. A utilização de microestacas medianas em substrato Plantmax® + casca de arroz carbonizada é mais favorável para a produção de mudas de mirtileiro da cv. Climax, pelo aumento da porcentagem de enraizamento e de estacas sobreviventes, do comprimento de raízes e do número de folhas e brotações.Palavras-chave: mirtilo, propagação vegetativa, Vaccinium ashei, AIB. Microcutting in blueberry using branch from different positions and substrates AbstractThis work was carried out aiming to evaluate the rooting capacity of microcuttings derived from different positions (median and apical) of the blueberry branches under protected environment. The blueberry (Vaccinium ashei Reade) branches cv. Climax used for this experiment were derived from the micropropagated plants. Two types of microcuttings (apical and median) and three substrates (Plantmax® + carbonized rice rusks (1:1); Húmus Fértil® and Vermicompound of cattle) were used. The indolbutiric acid (IBA) was applied at 2000 mg L -1 to stimulate rooting. The microcuttings were put into expanded polystyrene trays. Microcuttings from the median position showed higher percentage of surviving, higher number of leaves and shoots; however, they had higher callus formation. The number of roots is dependent on the type of microcutting and substrate used. The use of median microcuttings together with the use of the substrate Plantmax® + carbonized rice rusks are favorable to plant production of the blueberry cv. Climax, with increases in rooting percentage and surviving cuttings, length of roots and number of leaves and shoots.

SCS438 Zafira' is a novel plum cultivar, adapted to southern Brazil. It produces high-quality fruits, very similar to 'Fortune', the standard mid-season cultivar. Its main advantage is the resistance to leaf scald. Apparently, the mechanism of resistance blocks the transmission of the bacteria by natural insect vectors (sharpshooters).

a b s t r a c tOne of the major causes of 'Fuyu' persimmon loss after cold storage (CS) is the breakdown of its flesh, which results in the production of a translucent fruit (a water-soaked fruit). It is believed that the cause of this disturbance is linked to disorganization of the cytoskelet and endomembrane system, which changes the synthesis and transport of proteins and metabolites, resulting in incomplete ripening. To test this hypothesis, 'Fuyu' persimmon was subjected to three different postharvest treatments (T): Controlharvested and kept at 23 ± 3 • C and relative humidity (RH) of 85 ± 5% (room temperature, RT) for 12 days, T1 -harvested and kept under cold storage (CS) (1 ± 1 • C and RH of 85 ± 5%) for 30 days followed by RT storage for 2 days, T2 -kept under RT for 2 days (acclimatization) followed by CS for 30 days. Control and T2 resulted in fruit with decreased flesh firmness (FF), and increased soluble solids (SS) and ascorbic acid (AA) contents. In these fruit the activity of endo-1,4-ß-glucanase (endo-1,4-ß-gluc), pectin methylesterase (PME), polygalacturonase (PG) and ß-galactosidase (ß-gal) increased. T1 resulted in translucent fruit with decreased FF, without any enzymatic activity changes, probably due to the physical disruption of the cytoskeleton. Further, there was an increased content of proteins corresponding to expansins in fruit kept under Control and T2 conditions, which suggests that these conditions do contribute to the synthesis and/or transport of proteins involved in the process of solubilization of the cell wall. In these fruit, there was also a major accumulation of gene transcripts corresponding to heat shock proteins (HSPs) of organelles related to endomembrane, which suggests participation of these genes in the prevention of damage caused by cold conditions. These data proved the hypotheses that acclimatization contributes to the expression of HSPs, and synthesis and transportat of proteins involved in the solubilization of the cell wall. The expression of these genes results in the normal ripening of the persimmon, as confirmed by the evolution of ethylene production.