RESUMO -No presente estudo, determinaram-se as influências da cobertura plástica impermeável (CP) sobre a demanda evaporativa atmosférica e o potencial da água no solo, bem como as conseqüências destas sobre as trocas gasosas foliares (fotossíntese, condutância estomática e transpiração) e o potencial da água na folha da videira. As avaliações foram realizadas nos ciclos 2005/06 e 2006/07, em um vinhedo da cv. Moscato Giallo, conduzido em "Y", com cobertura plástica impermeável tipo ráfia (160 μm), em 12 fileiras com 35 m, deixando-se cinco fileiras sem cobertura (controle). Em ambas as áreas, avaliou-se o microclima quanto à temperatura do ar, umidade relativa do ar, radiação fotossinteticamente ativa e velocidade do vento, próximos ao dossel vegetativo. A CP aumentou a disponibilidade hídrica no solo nas entrelinhas e restringiu-a nas linhas, sobretudo em profundidades mais superficiais (0-10 cm). A CP também diminuiu a demanda evaporativa atmosférica, principalmente pela redução da velocidade do vento (-90%), aumentando o potencial da água na folha e a condutância estomática. De modo geral, a CP pode favorecer a condição hídrica e elevar a capacidade de assimilação de carbono em videiras. Termos para indexação: Condutância estomática, transpiração, demanda evaporativa, cultivo protegido, videira. WATER RELATIONS AND LEAF GAS EXCHANGE IN VINEYARD WITH PLASTIC OVERHEAD COVERABSTRACT -This study evaluated the plastic overhead cover (POC) effect on evaporative demand of atmosphere and soil water content, as well as their consequences on gas exchange (photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and transpiration) and leaf water potential in grapevine. The experiment was carried out during the 2005/06 and 2006/07 seasons, in a vineyard of 'Moscato Giallo', trained in "Y" and covered with an impermeable plastic cloth (2.65 m x 160 μm), in 12 rows with 35 m, with five rows left uncovered (control). In both areas, the microclimate was evaluated, in terms of air temperature, air relative humidity, radiation photosynthetically active and wind speed above the canopy. The POC increased the soil water content between rows and restricted it in the most superficial depths of rows (0-10 cm). The POC also decreased the evaporative demand of atmosphere, mainly by reducing wind speed (-90%), which increased the leaf water potential and stomatal conductance. In this way, POC can favor water conditions and increase leaf carbon assimilation in grapevines.
The application of rest breaking agents to compensate the lack of chilling is a common practice in apple orchards in Southern Brazil. However, its necessity in areas of greater chilling accumulation has been questioned over the years. The aim of this study was to investigate the performance of 'Maxi Gala' apple in response to different budbreak promoters in São Joaquim, SC.The study was performed in the growing seasons of 2013/2014, 2014/2015, and 2015/2016. Plant material consisted of 10-year-old 'Maxi Gala' apple trees grafted on the rootstock 'M.9', arranged in a randomized complete block design with five replicates in the 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 growing seasons and six replicates in the 2015/2016 season. Treatments consisted of Erger ® , combined with either calcium nitrate or mineral oil, at different rates; and hydrogen cyanamide combined with mineral oil. Treatments were applied when buds were between the stages A (dormant bud) and B (swollen bud; silver tip). The influence of treatments on flowering, budbreak, yield components, and fruit quality was assessed. Flowering was little affected by treatments, while axillary budbreak was consistently improved in the year of insufficient chilling accumulation. Besides, the combination Erger ® (2% and 3%) + calcium nitrate (2% and 3%) and Erger ® (1%) + mineral oil (3%) induced similar axillary budbreak as hydrogen cyanamide + mineral oil. Fruit quality attributes were not affected by treatments.
The application of rest breaking agents to overcome the lack of chilling is a common practice in apple orchards in southern Brazil. However, its necessity in areas of greater chilling accumulation, like in the city São Joaquim, Santa Catarina State (SC), has been questioned over the years. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different budbreak promoters, on the performance of ‘Fuji Suprema’ apple trees, in the region of São Joaquim/SC. The study was performed at the Experimental Station of São Joaquim - Santa Catarina Agricultural Research and Extension Agency (EPAGRI), in the growing seasons of 2013/2014, 2014/2015, and 2015/2016. Plant material consisted of 10-year-old ‘Fuji Suprema apple trees grafted on the rootstock ‘M.9’ and arranged in a randomized complete block design with five replicates. Treatments consisted of a nutrient solution containing soluble nitrogen and calcium (NCaS), combined with either calcium nitrate or mineral oil, at different rates; and hydrogen cyanamide combined with mineral oil. The time of application was when buds were between the stages A (dormant bud) and B (swollen bud; silver tip). The influence of treatments on flowering, budbreak, yield components, and fruit quality was assessed. Flowering and fruit quality were little affected by treatments. In the other hand, the budbreak promoters consistently improved axillary budbreak in two out of three seasons.
RESUMOA eficácia de três estirpes de Clonostachys rosea no controle do mofo cinzento (MC) em fúcsia (Fuchsia speciosa) foi comparada. Em experimento em estufa em Porto Alegre, RS, a incidência do MC foi reduzida em 40, 73 e 80% com a aplicação das estirpes GSAL, GFO4 e G8 de C. rosea, em 2004, e em 83, 89 e 94%, respectivamente, em 2005. Em experimentos em estufa comercial de mudas em Vacaria, RS, nos dois anos, as plantas foram aspergidas semanalmente com: (1) com água + espalhante adesivo (0,01%); (2) aplicação sequencial com clorotalonil, folpet, oxicloreto de cobre, mancozeb, iprodione e thiram, a partir de 26 dias do plantio; (3) suspensão de conídios da estirpe GFO4, 39 vezes a partir dos 26 dias do transplantio; e (4) suspensão de GFO4, 29 vezes a partir dos 61 dias do transplantio. A redução da incidência e da severidade do MC nos tratamentos com C. rosea se equivaleu ao com fungicidas, sem efeito na fotossíntese ou condutância estomática. O número de mudas obtidas de plantas tratadas com C. rosea e fungicidas foi superior à testemunha em 2005. Palavras chave: Gliocladium roseum, Botrytis cinerea, Fuchsia speciosa, controle biológico, fungicidas. ABSTRACT Control of gray mold with Clonostachys rosea in the production of fuchsia cuttingsThe efficacy of three strains of C. rosea in the control of Gray Mold (GM) in fuchsia was compared. In a greenhouse experiment conducted in Porto Alegre, RS, the incidence of GM was reduced by 40, 73, and 80% with application of strains GSAL, GFO4, and G8 in 2004, and by 83, 89 and 94%, respectively, in 2005. Other experiments were conducted in the same years in a commercial crop of fuchsia grown from cuttings in a greenhouse in Vacaria, RS. The plants were sprayed weekly, as follows, with: (1) water plus a wetting agent, 0.01% (control); (2) chlorothalonil, folpet, copper, mancozeb, iprodione, and thiram beginning at 26 days after transplanting; (3) a conidial suspension of strain GFO4 of C. rosea applied 39 times beginning at 26 days after transplanting, and (4) GF04 conidial suspensions applied 29 times beginning at 61 days after transplanting. C. rosea reduced the incidence and severity of GM to levels similar to those in the fungicide-treated plants, and did not affect photosynthesis or stomatic conductance. The number of cuttings obtained from plants treated with C. roseum and fungicides was higher than the control in 2005.
Resumo: A qualidade de um vinho está diretamente ligada ao melhor ponto da maturação da uva. Colheitas realizadas de forma prematura ou tardia resultam em vinhos com menor expressão de seus potenciais qualitativos. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a evolução da maturação dos frutos e a composição dos mostos das variedades Cabernet Sauvignon e Merlot em cinco vinhedos comerciais da região de São Joaquim durante os ciclos de 2010 a 2013. Todos os indicadores da maturação tecnológica e polifenólica das uvas apresentaram adequada evolução dos parâmetros e se mostraram apropriados para a elaboração de vinhos finos de alta qualidade. Entretanto, as condições da região proporcionam um declínio lento dos teores de ácidos orgânicos nas uvas e nos mostos sem, no entanto, comprometer o equilíbrio açúcar/acidez. Após a colheita, os mostos apresentaram atributos que comprovam o bom potencial qualitativo das variedades estudadas em relação às condições presentes na região.
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