Zinc is an essential micronutrient for growth and development. Its deficiency causes growth retardation in children and adolescents. The present study analyzes the effect of zinc on growth hormone (GH) secretion, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3 (IGFBP3) in normal children before puberty. Thirty normal children were studied, 15 boys and 15 girls, aged 6-9 years. They were orally supplemented with 5 mg Zn/day for 3 months and 0.06537 mg Zn/kg body weight was injected before and after oral supplementation. Dietary intake and anthropometric measurements were assessed at baseline and end of study. Plasma GH levels increased during intravenous zinc administration and IGF1 and IGFBP3 increased after oral zinc supplementation. There was a positive correlation between the areas under the curves of GH and zinc after oral supplementation. Zinc supplementation was possibly effective in improving the body zinc status of the children, secretory levels of IGF1 and IGFBP3, GH potentialization, and height.
Zinc is an important micronutrient for humans, and zinc deficiency among schoolchildren is deleterious to growth and development, immune competence, and cognitive function. However, the effect of zinc supplementation on cognitive function remains poorly understood. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the effect of oral zinc supplementation (5 mg Zn/day for 3 months) on the Full Scale Intelligence Quotient (FSIQ), Verbal Intelligence Quotient (VIQ), and Performance Intelligence Quotient (PIQ) using a Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-III). We studied 36 schoolchildren aged 6 to 9 years (7.8 ± 1.1) using a nonprobability sampling method. The baseline serum zinc concentrations increased significantly after zinc supplementation (p < 0.0001), with no difference between sexes. Tests were administered under basal conditions before and after zinc supplementation, and there was no difference in FSIQ according to gender or age. The results demonstrated that zinc improved the VIQ only in the Information Subtest (p = 0.009), although the supplementation effects were more significant in relation to the PIQ, as these scores improved for the Picture Completion, Picture Arrangement, Block Design, and Object Assembly Subtests (p = 0.0001, for all subtests). In conclusion, zinc supplementation improved specific cognitive abilities, thereby positively influencing the academic performance of schoolchildren, even those without marginal zinc deficiency.
Zinc supplementation stimulated an increase in the consumption of some macronutrients and basal serum zinc and improved plasma alkaline phosphatase levels. Zinc administration increased hormones of the GH-IGF1 system.
Com inúmeros instrumentos de triagem nutricional existentes, é difícil eleger o mais adequado para os protocolos de nutrição hospitalar. Objetivo: Comparar cinco instrumentos de triagem nutricional (MST, NRS-2002, MUST, MNA e MNA-SF) em adultos e idosos hospitalizados. Materiais e Métodos: Nesse estudo transversal, cinco instrumentos de triagem nutricional foram aplicados aos pacientes nas primeiras 48 horas de internação hospitalar. A ocorrência de risco nutricional entre adultos e idosos foi comparada. Para análise estatística, os dados foram descritos e o teste não paramétrico de Man Whitney foi aplicado. Resultados: Foram avaliados 77 pacientes, sendo 51 (66,2%) adultos e 26 (33,8%) idosos, com média de idade de 53,6 (desvio padrão de 17,9) anos e predominância do gênero feminino (53,2%). Os principais motivos de internação foram neoplasia e nefrolitotripsia. De forma geral, um quarto dos pacientes estava em risco nutricional. O risco nutricional em pacientes adultos foi mais detectado pelo MUST e MST, com resultados semelhantes. Porém, esse parâmetro foi pouco detectado pelo NRS-2002. Nos idosos, o MNA e MNA-SF foram os instrumentos que mais detectaram risco nutricional. Quanto ao tempo médio gasto para a aplicação dos instrumentos, observou-se certa concordância entre eles, todavia a MNA foi o instrumento que requereu maior tempo para aplicação. Conclusão: Considerando maior detecção de pacientes em risco nutricional, melhor praticidade e menor tempo, sugere-se o MUST e a MNA-SF para serem utilizados em pacientes adultos e idosos, respectivamente, admitidos no referido hospital.
We assessed the influence of rosemary on some of the quality characteristics of Litopenaeus vannamei shrimp stored under freezing temperature for 180 days. Whole shrimp (WS), peeled shrimp (PS) and PS with dehydrated rosemary (RS) were stored at −28.3 ± 3.8C. Physicochemical and sensorial analysis was carried out. After 180 days, RS had lower pH (P = 0.001) and thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances (TBARS; P = 0.001) values and higher carotenoids (P = 0.003). WS samples were firmer at 180 days (P = 0.001), although rancid taste and smell were perceived with greater intensity (P = 0.001). The color was more intense in RS and PS than in WS (P = 0.030). Rancid taste was detected in RS only at 120 days at significantly lower intensity (P = 0.001) than WS and PS. Our study suggests that dehydrated rosemary can improve the quality of frozen L. vannamei peeled shrimp. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Farmed shrimp has gained importance in the global market, and the study of their physicochemical and sensory characteristics is therefore essential. Commercially, shrimp is mainly available in the frozen form, and alternatives to extend its quality during storage are of great interest for consumers and suppliers in the food industry. Dehydrated rosemary can be added to frozen shrimp to improve its quality and maintain the nutritional characteristics during storage.
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