To define breeding strategies, the understanding of trait inheritance is critical. The objective of this study was to determine the inheritance of popcorn under different water regimes. To this end, Hayman’s diallel methodology was used, with 8 parents and 28 hybrids. The experiment was carried out under well-watered conditions (WW) and water stress (WS). For popping expansion (PE) under both water regimes, the effects of complete dominance and greater importance of the components associated with the dominance effects were observed. In contrast, the number of dominant genes was zero and the determination coefficient in the narrow sense was >50%; additive effects were also present. For the number of grains per row (GR), ear length (EL), and grain yield (GY) under WS and WW conditions, the dominance effects were the most relevant, and the mean degree of dominance with overdominance effects and greatest relevance of the components associated with this effect were also observed. The same breeding methods can be applied under the studied WS and WW conditions. Exploiting heterosis for GY and related components is a promising way to adapt popcorn to WS. To be able to capitalize on additive and dominance effects, a reciprocal recurrent selection is recommended.

The objective of this study was to estimate the direct and indirect effects of agricultural, morphological, physiological, and root traits of popcorn lines, under two conditions of water supply: full irrigation (FI) and drought stress (DS). A complete randomized block design with three replications was used to evaluate the following traits: expanded popcorn volume per hectare (EPV), 100-grain weight (100GW), mean ear length, mean ear diameter, number of grains per row (NGR), prolificacy (PRO), anthesis to silking interval, tassel length, number of tassel branches, plant height, shoot dry matter, green index (SPAD), and canopy temperature depression (CTD), root angle (RA), tap root volume (TRV), and crown root volume (CRV). Analyses of variance and path analysis, and subsequent partitioning of direct and indirect effects were performed. For the traits EPV, PRO, CTD, RA, CRV and TRV, the genotype x environment interaction was significant. Drought stress had significant effects on EPV (−7.15%), 100GW (−23.52%), SPAD (−29.31%), CTD (87.15%), RA (24.54%), and CRV (44.89%). The traits NGR and SPAD were found to be decisive for the expression of EPV. The exploitation of these traits by indirect selection is expected to induce increments in EPV in environments under DS and FI.

Extractivismo del pequi (Caryocar coriaceumWittm AbstractConsidering the plant richness of Chapada do Araripe, Brazil, the pequi (Caryocar coriaceum Wittm) extractivism occurs as an important activity that affects the economy and social life of the main cities of Cearense Cariri, although there is little knowledge about its current situation and sustainability perspective. The aim of this work is to collect information regarding actor relationships involved in the pequi extractive activity, relating them to the sustainability dimensions. This study was carried in the Barreiro Novo camping site, located in the state highway CE 060 in the Jardim-Ce municipality. Semistructured questionnaires were used with pequi collectors to establish a socioeconomic profile, besides using the participant observation method, pictures and content analysis in order to relate and identify the sustainability in this environment. Extractivism activity in the Chapada do Araripe region is something cultural, which has a special vision towards environmental issues that generates income for extrastivist families. However, the region needs policies for improving social conditions (water and sanitation in the camping site) and keeping the tradition without missing the environmental perspective.Keywords: Agricultural waste; community; regional development; oil; NTFP; FLONA. ResumenEn Chapada do Araripe, región del Brazil con una gran riqueza vegetal, el extractivismo del pequi es una importante actividad que abarca la economía y la vida social de las principales ciudades del Cariri Cearense. Sin embargo, aún existe poco conocimiento sobre su situación actual y perspectiva de sostenibilidad. El objetivo de este estudio es recoger información sobre la relación de los actores involucrados en la actividad extractivista del pequi, y relacionarlos con dimensiones de sostenibilidad. Este estudio se llevó a cabo en el Campamento Barreiro Novo, localizado en la ruta estatal CE 060 en el municipio de Jardim-Ce. Se aplicaron cuestionarios semiestructurados a los recolectores de pequi para formar un perfil socioeconómico, además de utilizar el método de la observación participativa, fotos y análisis de contenido como forma de relacionar e identificar las dimensiones de la sostenibilidad introducidas en ese ambiente. La actividad extractivista del pequi en la región de Chapada do Araripe es algo cultural que posee una visión especial en relación al enfoque ambiental y que genera ingresos para las familias que la practican. Sin embargo, la misma precisa de políticas para mejorar las condiciones sociales (agua y saneamiento en el campamento) y para preservar la tradición sin perder el punto de vista ambiental.

The UENF WS01 is a hybrid that has an early cycle and high grain yield capacity under low water and nitrogen availability. It maintains popping expansion even under abiotic stress, thus being recommended for cultivation in the North and Northwest of the State of Rio de Janeiro.

Popcorn lacks cultivars that are productive, stable and adapted to the cultivation regions. Therefore, the present work aimed to estimate the genetic gain in the first intrapopulation recurrent selection cycle between full-sibs, by means of selection index, at Ceará'sCariri. It was obtained 210 families from the "Dona Iva" population, belonging to the Federal University of Cariri-UFCA's germplasm bank. The progenies were evaluated in two environments: Granjeiro-CE and at the experimental field at UFCA, Crato-CE, using randomized block design with two repetitions inside "sets". For the assessment, it was evaluated plant height (AP), ear height (AE), plant final stand (NP), mass of ear with grains (PE), grain yield (RG) and expansion capacity (CE). Data were submitted to analysis of variance by the F test and estimated genetic and phenotypic parameters. The prediction of the selection gains were obtained by the indexes of Mulamba and Mock and of Smith and Hazel. When the Smith and Hazel selection index was evaluated, it was not possible to predict gains for CE. On the other hand, Mulamba and Mock selection index with the economic weight PA (arbitrage weight by attempt) provided the highest gain for expansion capacity (8.15%) and elevated gain for RG (24.29%). Therefore, based on this weight it was selected 38 superior genotypes for recombination and the aforementioned gains are expected in the first selection cycle of the "Iva" popcorn population.

A espécie Lippia alba é nativa da América do Sul, sendo uma das espécies medicinais mais utilizadas no Brasil.O objetivo deste experimento foi avaliar a influência do período de secagem e o horário de colheita das folhas e inflorescências da erva-cidreira brasileira [Lippia alba (Mill.) N. E. Br.], no rendimento de óleo essencial. Foram avaliados cinco horários de colheita: 07:00, 09:00, 11:00, 13:00 e 15:00 h. Também foram avaliados para quatro períodos de secagem: 0 (testemunha), 24, 48 e 72 horas após a colheita. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizados com quatro repetições para cada tratamento. Os experimentos foram conduzidos no CCAB-UFCA/Crato, CE. O óleo essencial obtido através de hidrodestilação em aparelho tipo Clevenger. Os resultados foram submetidos à análise de variância (Teste F) e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey. Não houve diferença estatística noteor de óleo essencial quando analisado o período de secagem. Quanto ao horário de colheita, o horário das 11:00 h foi o que apresentou maior teor de óleo essencial, diferindo estatisticamente dos demais. Palavras-chave: Óleos essenciais. Fatores abióticos. Rendimento de óleo.

This study aimed to identify the genetic control of morphological, water status, and root traits in four inbred lines and their pre-selected hybrid combinations of popcorn, and to identify the best parents and hybrids. The plants were grown under greenhouse conditions, and with two water conditions—water-stressed (WS) and well-watered (WW). We evaluated shoot biomass (SB), whole plant leaf area (WPLA), chlorophyll content, carbon isotope discrimination, net CO2 assimilation rate, the stomatal conductance, transpiration, cumulative plant transpiration, and root weight density in three sections. The reductions in SB and WPLA are attributed to stomatal causes, given the maintenance of water condition values in water-stressed plants. In fact, the stomata were closed for long periods during plant growth under the water-stressed condition, as indicated by the more negative carbon isotope discrimination values. The root weight density, regardless of soil depth and water conditions, was higher in hybrids. There was a preponderance of non-additive effects in the control of morphological and root traits, especially in the WS condition, and heterosis was shown to be the fundamental strategy for obtaining superior hybrids. For water status traits, it is essential to choose the female parent in the crossing block, given the maternal effect expressed by net CO2 assimilation rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration.