Resumo: Este trabalho teve o objetivo de avaliar a existência de formas plurais na transação entre frigoríficos e pecuaristas, observando os determinantes para a escolha das diferentes estruturas de governança. Para tanto, realizaram-se estudos de caso junto a três frigoríficos, tendo as formas plurais de governança como arcabouço teórico. Verificou-se que apenas um dos frigoríficos analisados adota formas plurais para coordenar suas transações de compra do boi gordo, sendo que as outras duas empresas obtiveram a totalidade de seu suprimento de animais mediante transações no mercado spot. Os condicionantes da adoção de formas plurais estiveram alinhados ao modelo teórico, sendo as variáveis ambiguidade, complexidade e comportamento estratégico determinantes para a escolha da estrutura de governança da empresa. Para as outras duas empresas, notou-se pouca ou nenhuma ambiguidade e complexidade nas transações, bem como a inexistência de motivações estratégicas para o uso de formas plurais. As principais vantagens dessa estratégia de coordenação encontradas no presente estudo foram: (i) redução na assimetria de informações; (ii) vantagens de escala e maior poder de barganha no mercado spot; (iii) ganhos de flexibilidade para o abastecimento de diferentes canais de distribuição e (iv) efeitos de aprendizado cruzado.
Palavras-chaves:Formas plurais, comercialização, carne bovina.
Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to describe the forms of coordinating transactions used by a large beef slaughterhouse and processing companies and their suppliers of beef cattle, and to identify the reasons for the adoption of plural forms of governance for their transactions with cattle suppliers.
Design/methodology/approach
– A case study format was selected for this investigation. The focal company selected offers a large number of products derived from beef for different commercialisation channels in the domestic and foreign market. A non-probability sample of 30 suppliers (cattle farmers) of the focal company provided data on finished steers sold in 2010, according to the three types of governance used in the transactions (spot market, forward contracts and long-term contracts).
Findings
– The simultaneous use of more than one type of governance structure to coordinate similar transactions has been termed plural forms of governance in the literature. In Brazil, new forms of governance, such as formal and informal contracts, have been adopted for transactions between beef processing companies and cattle farmers, in addition to the use of spot market and vertical integration. It has been shown that the adoption of plural forms reduces the risk of complex transactions; and is a strategy to deal with unpredictable institutional environments and high heterogeneity of both suppliers and distribution channels.
Research limitations/implications
– The research provides empirical evidence of plural forms of governance, as well as the reasons for the adoption of this strategy by firms, which contributes to the ongoing theoretical discussion on this subject.
Practical implications
– The paper has implications for company supply chain management.
Originality/value
– This paper presents theoretical review on plural forms of governance, new empirical evidence and determinant factors for their adoption.
The purpose of this study was to analyse the hedging behaviour of 98 citrus growers from the State of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Marketing behaviour was modelled as a choice between spot market, short and long‐term forward contracts. A multinomial logistic regression model was used to evaluate the role of behavioural, personal and managerial variables in the choice. Results indicated that the factors which explain the use of forward contracts by citrus growers are the following: risk propensity; trade with juice processing companies; farming diversification; overconfidence in management; participation in pools; use of management tools; and technical assistance. The results can be useful for farmers, policymakers, government agencies, traders and extension agents.
RESUMO
A oscilação não favorável nos preços do boi gordo se constitui em um dos principais riscos da atividade pecuária. De forma a gerenciar tal risco, contratos a termo e futuros
Este trabalho tem o objetivo principal de identificar os determinantes da demanda e do acesso ao crédito rural por bovinocultores de corte no estado de São Paulo. Para atingir tal objetivo, foram coletados dados primários por meio de entrevistas presenciais junto a uma amostra de 86 pecuaristas. Os dados foram analisados por meio de um modelo logit. Constatou-se que todos os pecuaristas que demandaram crédito rural obtiveram acesso a pelo menos um contrato. Os resultados mostraram que pecuaristas que têm maior número de propriedades rurais, maior intensidade em tecnologia na produção, fontes de renda oriunda de atividades não rurais, são mais novos, adotam gestão de risco de preço e participam de organizações associativas relacionadas à produção rural possuem maior probabilidade de demandar e acessar o crédito rural. Por fim, foram apresentadas algumas sugestões para a política de crédito rural para a pecuária de corte no estado de São Paulo.
A transaction cost economics framework was used to test hypotheses on the alignment of transaction attributes and governance structures using data from a sample of 84 beef cattle farms in Brazil. A bivariate logit model was employed. It was found that the adoption of traceability and its certification and highly capital-intensive production systems, used here as proxies for asset specificity, plays a positive role in the choice of hybrid forms of governance.
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